摘要:

Normative studies successfully predicting reading failure in 5− and 6-year-old children suggest that if the neuropsychological functions relating to spatial orientation and temporal organization are not age-appropriate, that child will not have normal achievement in the language arts, particularly in reading. This concept unifying the diverse symptoms found in elementary school children with reading failure has been used to develop a test battery predictive of reading failure, valid to 1 to 3% false positives and 10% false negatives. Further, a simple clinical test, the arm Extension Test, suggests that in these children hemisphere specialization for language has not been established.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed for children in order to improve attentional aspects of their behavior. However, resultant long-term academic improvement in these children is negligible. To investigate this discrepancy, a reaction time paradigm was utilized with 10 males and 2 females (mean age was 9.8 years; SD, 1.6 years) diagnosed as having an attentional deficit disorder. Using a double-blind procedure with methylphenidate and a placebo, a decrease in simple reaction time was found in the medication condition. However, no drug effect was found on decision times using a choice reaction time task. It was concluded that methylphenidate and perhaps other stimulant medications affect attentional processes in hyperactive youth but may not affect those higher cortical processes required to make long-term academic gains.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-four mothers of boys, ages 3 to 18 years, with hemophilia were studied using a semistructured interview regarding their experiences with their sons' hemophilia. Rating scales were developed to assess the mothers' psychological response to the presence of hemophilia in their sons, and their perception of their child's social and emotional adjustment. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether relationships existed between Maternal Psychological Response to Hemophilia and Child Adjustment and between ratings in both of these areas to the degree of physical impairment as judged by the staff of the Hemophilia Center. Results indicated a wide variety of responses by mothers to the presence of hemophilia in their sons, ranging from acceptance to severe psychological distress. The existence of available social support for the mothers was associated with their acceptance of the disease. Fear related to the physical consequences of the disease was a more prominent concern for these mothers than was guilt over genetic transmission. A strong relationship was found between the mothers' psychological response to presence of hemophilia and their sons' social and emotional adjustment; maternal acceptance and minimal denial predicted good child adjustment. No relationships were found between Maternal Psychological Response and the severity of hemophilia or between Child Adjustment and severity of hemophilia. Because of the self-report nature of the data and the lack of a control group, these findings must be considered tentative.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Parental report of developmental milestones influences the physician's decision to refer for developmental evaluation and early education. The predictive validity of commonly reported milestones was evaluated by collecting data from records in a comprehensive care clinic. Multivariate analyses determined the relationships among age of milestone achievement and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Other routinely collected medical and demographic information was then added, and stepwise regressions determined the best combinations of predictors of WISC-R IQ scores. Milestones alone predicted 24 to 42% of the variance in WISC-R IQ scores, suggesting that there are meaningful relationships between the age of attainment of milestones and later intellectual functioning. However, when other medical and demographic information was added to the prediction equation, the predictive power of milestones was overshadowed by that of the new variables. Milestones are validated as one criterion for referral for specialized early developmental services, but adding other objective data, including standardized developmental screening, is recommended for optimal decision making.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pediatricians utilize standardized screening techniques to monitor children's development. Typically, however, pediatricians fail to assess the quality of the child's home environment. This paper selectively reviews the literature which demonstrates the major impact of the environment on children's development in the three developmental high-risk categories. Specific aspects of the home environment which optimize or impede developmental progression are discussed. Finally, the various instruments which are available to screen the home environment are presented. Information regarding the environment increases accuracy of developmental predictions, facilitates more appropriate treatment plans, and serves as a basis for specific counseling. The optimal clinical instrument for screening the child's social and inanimate environment has not yet been developed.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The background factors, problems, findings, and recommendations emerging from the interdisciplinary evaluation of 301 children referred to the Duke Developmental Evaluation Center for assessment of suspected developmental disabilities are analyzed. The perspective on developmental disabilities gained from utilization of a problem-oriented clinical record and a functional rather than a categorical approach is discussed. Particular attention is directed toward the frequency of findings in various dimensions of functioning and the implications arising from this comprehensive analysis for the roles of pediatricians, parents, and teachers in case management.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In an attempt to improve the quality of a pediatric practice, most notably in developmental and behavioral areas, a comprehensive program of parent education and support was instituted, the features of which are described in detail. A survey of the practice has demonstrated good participation in program features and improved prenatal family contact and substantial practice growth. We conclude that we are meeting a community need, although we cannot determine what, if any, benefits have been derived by our patients.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to present clinical considerations regarding the speaking behavior, nature, and environment of young children who stutter. The speech of these children contains more within-word speech disfluencies (sound/syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, and within-word pauses) than that of their normally fluent peers. Although the physical, mental, social, psychological, and communicative nature of these children is not grossly different than that of unaffected children, some youngsters who stutter do exhibit subtle delays or deviancies in speech sound articulation, expressive language, and fine/ gross motor coordination skills. The young stutterer's environment is as variable as that of the average child. Careful observation reveals subtle, and some not so subtle, parental attitudes which seem to foster the child's belief that speaking is a difficult task, requiring mental and physical effort, and that it must be produced precisely, quickly, and maturely. Information is provided to clinicians working with children between 2 and 6 years of age (the time period when stuttering usually begins) which should assist in objective identification of childhood stuttering, recognition of those symptoms which most strongly suggest referral, as well as an understanding of basic “facts” about this most complex of communication disorders.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID