ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychological responses to the stress of call duty for first- and second-year pediatric house officers were assessed using reliable and well-validated measures administered to 34 house officers who were on call, compared with 27 house officers who were not on call. Negative mood increased from the pre-to post-24-hour period for house staff on call and decreased for house staff off call, yielding a significant interaction. State anxiety was significantly elevated for house officers who were on call. Perceived stress was comparable in the two groups. Hours of sleep obtained when on call were related to negative mood, anxiety and perceived stress, postcall. House officers' mood and anxiety levels were affected by the demands of call duty. Our findings are consistent with anecdotal reports of the effects of call and, to our knowledge, provide the first objective evidence of the effects of call on psychological state.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This was a clinical trials study of self-regulation of rhythmic stimulation in preterm infants. Infants were enrolled in three regional hospitals and followed in four outlying hospitals. Forty-five premature infants, 22 males and 23 females, enrolled at 29–33 weeks conceptional age (CA) received in the isolette either a “breathing” teddy bear (set to breathe at one-half the infant's quiet sleep respiration rate) or a nonbreathing bear. Using time-lapse videorecording at a 60:1 ratio, subjects were recorded for 3 days at the beginning of the Intervention period and again for 3 days, 2 weeks later. After discharge from the hospital, the sleep of the subjects was monitored in the home for a 24-hour period on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after expected date of birth (postterm). Infants with a breathing bear spent more time in contact with the bear, and increased their contact over the two weeks. Postterm, the “breathing bear babies” showed more quiet sleep and a greater increase in quiet sleep over weeks. The results indicate that premature infants (“prematures”) are capable of organizing their motility to express a preference for rhythmic stimulation, and that the experience facilitates neurobehavioral development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Little is known about the possible effects of age, race, gender, or degree of obesity on measurements of self-concept in children. Our study of 130 obese children enrolled in an outpatient obesity clinic showed that their mean overall score on the Piers-Harris (P-H) Children's Self-Concept Scale was within the norms. However, certain subgroups scored low, with nonwhite children displaying the lowest self-esteem, particularly younger girls and adolescent males. For boys, the severity of obesity was inversely associated with the overall score and the intellectual school status subscale. Girls scored lower on anxiety. Younger white males scored the lowest on popularity. Our findings thus suggest that there is heterogeneity in self-concept measures among obese children, and that the use of subscales might provide greater insight and also possibly enhance sensitivity of the P-H in the investigation of obesity and self-concept.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We describe the construction of a scored form for the neurological examination of the full-term neonate. Extensive data analyses were obtained from a large sample of neonatal neurological examinations performed by one examiner (MSP). Examinations were used from neonates with ages ≥ 48 hours (n= 727) and 72 hours to 1 week (n= 510) with gestational ages greater than or equal to 37 weeks. Forty-four items from several neonatal assessments were used in these neurological examinations. Further subdivision yielded a total of 65 items. Correlations were obtained for the 65 items. We factored the matrix of these correlations, using several solutions of factor analysis. Thirty-two items were thus grouped and pruned into seven dimensions (factors) to provide a scorable neonatal neurological examination (Neoneuro) with an internal consistency or reliability of 0.80. From the total scores, cut points are recommended for categories of normality/abnormality: normal, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal. This scoring system is well-based both theoretically and psychometrically. The quantified computer-compatible scoring system permits evaluation of individual neonates, as well as comparison of samples of neonates on item scores, subscores (factor scores), and total scores. Such quantification will permit documentation of the natural history of specific abnormalities and the evaluation of various therapies.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three parent-completed behavior rating scales, the Conners Abbreviated Rating Scale (ARS), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS), were studied in boys with attention deficit disorder (ADD), psychiatric controls, and a normal comparison group. The ability of the scales to discriminate these groups was determined via univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant function analyses. All three rating scales revealed group differences. In discriminant function analyses, the ARS was the single best predictor of group membership, but it frequently misclassified psychiatric controls. Externalizing behavior indexes from the SCRS and CBCL yielded similar results. The addition of CBCL internalizing and social competence scales improved overall group classification, facilitating the identification of psychiatric controls. Results encourage the use of multidimensional rating scales such as the CBCL in clinical differential diagnosis, but suggest that unidimensional scales such as the ARS are also useful for assessing change or treatment effects in ADD.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Controversy exists regarding immunization with pertussis vaccine of high-risk special care nursery graduates. Our study compared the immunization status of 38 high-risk, 30 low-risk, and 57 normal infants utilizing an immunization response form. Comparison of the three infant groups revealed that complete or incomplete immunization varies, depending on group status. Of 38 infants at high risk for developmental delay, 22 (57.9%) were not immunized against pertussis by age one. Physicians cited concerns related to previous neurologic injury and increased liability for vaccine-related injury as major reasons for deferring vaccination. Recommendations for improving current guidelines and practice are outlined.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is a dearth of information for pediatricians to use in choosing questionnaires that would be useful in medical practice. In this article, general guidelines are presented for primary child health clinicians to use in selecting questionnaires. Concepts such as reliability, validity, readability, response format, scoring and completion time, and norms are reviewed, and the implications of these concepts for practitioners are discussed. Guidelines are applied to selected behavioral questionnaires to illustrate their importance.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID