摘要:

Abstract—This review article examines current knowledge of the structure and function of epidermal lipids in human and veterinary dermatology. Dynamic transformations in lipid composition and structure occur as cells migrate through the epidermis. The lipids which are formed have a direct effect on epidermal functions. Ceramides appear to be the most important lipid component for lamellar arrangement in the stratum corneum and barrier protection. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the epidermis are also important because they are incorporated into the ceramides. Additionally, arachidonic acid is bound to the phospholipid portion of cell membranes and is the most important precursor of endogenous eicosanoids. The eicosanoids are vital for epidermal homeostasis and play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses when produced in abnormal quantities. In addition to barrier protection, other vital epidermal functions associated with the lipids include stratum corneum water‐holding, cohesion and desquamation of corneocytes, and control of epidermal proliferation and differentiat

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—In 1956 Sinclair suggested that abnormalities of EFA metabolism might be the basis of many of the unsolved diseases which particularly affect Western societies, notably cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders and cancer. Dismissed as a crank for about 25 years, Sinclair is now being recognised as a percipient pioneer. Recent evidence for the roles of EFAs in cancer, vascular disease, diabetic complications and inflammatory disorders such as atopic eczema and arthritis is discussed.Resumen En 1956, Sinclair sugirió que la causa de algunos enfermedades que afectaban al mundo occidental podría ser abnormalidades del metabolismo de los EFA, en particular, enfermedades cardiovasculares, inflamatorias y cancer. Por un periodo de 25 años sus teorías fueron rechazadas, sin embargo hoy se le cdrisidera un pionero en la materia. El reciente descubrimiento del papel de los EFA en cancer, enfermedades cardiovasculares, complicaciones de la diabetes y disórdenes inflamatorios (como arthritis y eczema), se discute en éste

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are metabolized by cellular enzymes into a variety of eicosanoids that function in the regulation of normal physiology and serve as mediators of inflammation. Fatty acid supplements can alter the types of eicosanoids produced. Many investigations using fatty acids in the treatment of nutritional deficiencies, seborrhea, atopic dermatitis, cardiovascular, neoplastic, ocular and musculoskeletal diseases of dogs have been conducted over the past decade. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal levels of linoleic acid, gamma‐linolenic acid and/or eicosapentaneoic acid in the diets of dogs for the maintenance of normal homeostasis and for the treatment of inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic disea

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The physiology of essential fatty acid metabolism in the cat is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the n:6 and n:3 fatty acids, their metabolites and interactions, which relate primarily to the skin. The functional roles, if known, of the fatty acids are discussed. Recent clinical research into the use of essential fatty acid supplements in the management of feline dermatoses is presented. Current indications for the therapeutic supplementation with essential fatty acids are summarise

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The object of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) liquid (Efamol Vet; Guildford, U.K.) to decrease the signs of feline pruritic skin disease. Cats were accepted into the study if their dermatologic signs were related to probable flea allergy and/or atopy, their signs did not abate with increased flea control alone and they were not on any concurrent anti‐inflammatory drugs or supplements. They were initially placed on 4 weeks of intense flea control then randomly in a double‐blinded manner placed on either 8 weeks of EPO liquid or olive oil (control). Pruritus, erythema, self‐trauma, alopecia and overall dermatologic condition were monitored and scored at 4‐week intervals for the entire 12 weeks of study. The mean of each parameter for each group (EPO or olive oil) was compared to itself over time and to the other group using an analysis of variance with repeated measures. No significant difference (P≪ 0.05) was noted over time or between groups for any of the five

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A randomised double‐blind parallel study lasting 16 weeks compared the efficacy of a concentrated essential fatty acid supplement containing 280 mg of GLA and 50 mg of EPA (HGF 500 mg capsules, Efamol Vet) with supplements containing 350 mg of GLA (HGG capsules), and 250 mg of EPA (HGE capsules). Twenty‐eight atopic dogs whose clinical signs were well‐controlled by HGF either continued to receive HGF or were switched to HGG or HGE. The dogs were clinically examined by the same veterinary surgeon at 4‐week intervals and assessments of pruritus, scaling, erythema, infiltration, coat condition and overall severity recorded. Clinical scores for each criterion assessed and plasma phospholipid concentrations for four fatty acids measured did not vary significantly (P>0.05) during the study period, indicating that the three supplements assessed were of comparable therapeutic efficacy in the atopic dogs studied.Resumen Un estudio paralelo al azar de tipo doble ciego que duró diecieséis semanas, comparó la eficacia de un suplemento concentrado de ácidos grasos esenciales conteniendo 280 mg de GLA y 50 mg de EPA (HGE 500 mg cápsulas, Efamol Vet) con suplementos que contenían 350 mg de GLA (HGG cápsulas), y 250 mg de EPA (HGG cápsulas). Veintiocho de los perros atópicos en los que el cuadro clínico estaba bajo control con HGF continuaron recibiendo el mismo suplemento, o se les cambió a la medicación con HGG o HGE. Los perros fueron examinados por el mismo veterinario periódicamente cada 4 semanas, evaluándose el prurito, descamación, eritema, infiltración, condición del pelo, y severidad de la enfermedad cutánea. La evaluación clínica para cada criterio evaluado, y las concentraciones de fosfolipídos de los cuatro ácidos grasos medidos, no varió significativamente (P>0.05) durante el periodo de estudio, indicando que la eficacia de los 3 suplementos comparados fue similar para los perros atópicos de éste estudio.Résumé—Une étude en double aveugle de seize semaines a été réalisée pour comparer une préparation en acides gras essentiels contenant 280 mg de GLA et 50 mg d'EPA (capsules HGF 500 mg, Efamol Vet), un supplément contenant 350 mg de GLA (capsules HGG) et un contenant 250 mg d'EPA (capsules HGE). Vingt huit chiens atopiques dont les symptômes étaient controlés par l'HGF ont soit continuéá recevoir de l'HGF soit de l'HGE, soit de l'HGG. Les animaux ont été examinés par le même vétérinaire toutes les quatre semaines et l'évolution du prurit, du squamosis, de l'érythème, de l'infiltration, de l'état du pelage et de la sévérité générale a été enregistrée. Les scores cliniques de chaque critère et les concentrations plasmatiques de quatre acides gras n'ont pas varié de facon significative (P>0,05) pendant la durée de l'étude, indiquant que ces trois suppl

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Twenty‐one perennially affected atopic dogs with previous intradermal test reactivity to two or more environmental allergens were retested while receiving either a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil (EfaVet Regular, Efamol Vet) or a concentrated supplement containing gammalinolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (HGF capsules). Significant differences in the mean number of positive reactions before and during therapy were not found. In addition, the mean histamine,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinusand housedust wheal diameters before and during therapy were not significantly different. However, the mean human dander wheal diameter was significantly reduced (P<0.05) at the second test, and the meanDermatophagoides farinaewheal diameter was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in a group of seven dogs which had received long‐term essential fatty acid supplementation with HGF capsules. These results indicate that essential fatty acid supplementation does not abrogate but may reduce intradermal test reactivity in atopic dogs.Résumé—Vingt et un chiens atopiques, présentant des symptômes non saisonniers, ayant eu des tests cutanés positifs à au moins un pneumallergène ont été testés alors qu'ils recevaient une association d'huile d'onagre et d'huile de poisson (Efa Vet Regular, Efamol Vet) ou un supplément concentré d'acides gammalinolénique et éicosapentaénoique (capsules HGF). Aucune différence significative dans le nombre moyen de réactions positives avant et après traitement n'a été observée. En outre les diamètres moyens des réactions à l'histamine.Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinuset la poussère de maison avant et après traitement n'étaient pas significativement différents. Toutefois, le diamètre moyen des réactions aux squames humaines étaient significativement réduits (P<0,05) lors du second test, et le diamètre moyen des réactions àDermatophagoïdes farinaeétait significativement réduit (P<0,05) dans un groupe de sept chiens ayant reçu une supplémentation à long terme de capsules HGF. Ces résultate montrent qu'une supplementation en acides gras essentiel n'anihile pas les tests cutanés mais peu modérer la réactivité cutanée chez certains chiens atopiques.Resumen Veintiún perros atópicos de tipo estacional que presentaban reactividad positiva en la prueba de inyacciones intradérmicas con respecto a dos o más alergenos ambientales, fueron sometidos a una segunda prueba recibiendo simultáneamente una combinación de aceite de Evening Primrose y aceite de pescado (Efa Vet Regular, Efamol Vet) o un concentrado que contenía ácidos gammalinoleico y ecosapentanoico (HGF cápsulas). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la media de las reacciones positivas antes y después de la medicación. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las medidas del diámetro de la roncha producida por la histamina, elDermatophagoides pteronyssinusy el alergeno del polvo. Sin embargo, la media del diámetro producido por el alergeno de la caspa humana se vió considerablemente reducida en el segundo test (P<0.05), así como la delDermatophagoides farinae(P<0.05) en un grupo de siete perros los cuales recibieron suplementación con ácidos grasos esenciales a largo plato con HGF cápsulas. Éstos resultados indican que el uso de ácidos grasos esenciales no produce supresión de las reacci

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0959-4493    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY