摘要:

Current screening tests to detect human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in volunteer blood donors commonly yield indeterminate HTLV serologic results (mostly isolatedgagreactors). To assess the significance of indeterminate HTLV serologic results in U.S. blood donors, we compared 56 persons who had such serologic patterns with 30 HTLV seropositive blood donors and with HTLV seronegative controls. Polymerase chain reaction assays showed that none of the 56 individuals with indeterminate HTLV serologic results were infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II, while all 30 HTLV seropositive blood donors were infected with either HTLV-I (in 15 ) or HTLV-II (in the other 15). The seroindeterminate blood donors were also different from the HTLV seropositive blood donors and more like HTLV seronegative controls in their demographic characteristics and the presence of HTLV risk factors. These results are evidence that volunteer blood donors with isolated and persistentgagseroreactivity in the United States are unlikely to be infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The number of proviral copies in the cerebrospinal fluid of 13 patients in various stages of HIV-1 infection was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. HIV-1 proviral DNA was detected at a median value of 1 provirus per 300 cells with a range from 1 per 20 to 1 per 2,400 cells and a mean value of 1 provirus per 570 cells. Interestingly, this indicates a higher proportion of infected cells in cerebrospinal fluid than is reported to be the case for blood mononuclear cells. However, a clear correlation of these findings to the CDC stage or to neurologic complications was not obvious.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a well-recognized cause of morbidity in patients with impaired T-cell function. In this study of cellular immunity toP. carinii, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 HIV antibody-positive (HIV +) patients and 11 healthy individuals were stimulated in vitro withP. carinii antigen. The responding T-cell blasts were cocultured with autologousP. cariniiantigen-pulsed macrophages to measureP. carinii-specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity (CTL). T-cell blasts from two healthy donors were used to generateP. carinii-specific clones by limiting dilution. T cells from HIV + patients proliferated less toP. cariniiantigen than T cells from healthy volunteers. In contrast, the level of specific cytotoxicity was identical in all groups when equal numbers of CTLs were used. Within the group of symptomatic patients, CTL activity was higher in those with a history of PCP (p = 0.033).Pneumocystis cariniiantigen-specific T-cell clones proved to be CD4+and MHC class II restricted; six of eight clones tested showedP. cariniiY-specific cytolytic activity. Cell-mediated immune response toP. cariniiin healthy individuals include CD4+, class II MHC-restricted T cells withP. carinii-specific cytotoxicity. There is an increasing loss ofP. carinii-specific proliferative responses in HIV+ patients as disease progresses, but a cyto-toxic response is still detected in the absence of proliferation.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

HIV-2 infections are rare in North America, with less than 30 cases identified since 1988. We conducted a surveillance for HIV-2 seroprevalence by re-evaluating 457 HIV-1 indeterminate serology specimens submitted to the Maryland Department of Health Laboratories from January 1, 1988 to July 15, 1991. All indeterminates were screened using a combination HIV-l/HIV-2 synthetic peptide EIA. The presence of HIV-2-specific antibodies in initially reactive sera was confirmed utilizing a selective HIV-2 synthetic peptide EIA and Western blotting. Eight sera from four adult males attending public health clinics in suburban Washington, D.C. were found to be specifically reactive for HIV-2 antibodies. One is a native West African; the others remain anonymous. All eight sera demonstrated a gag (core) and pol (polymerase) only pattern of reactivity on HIV-1 Western blots. Targeting selected groups of HIV-1 indeterminate sera from patients attending public health clinics may represent a more appropriate strategy to monitor the spread of HIV-2 in North America than testing similar samples from the blood donor population.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID