摘要:

SummaryTwo hundred and two homosexual men enrolled in a prospective cohort study of AIDS risk were assessed for differences in the occurrence and progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection with respect to cigarette smoking. Among subjects who were initially seronegative, smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to become HIV-1 seropositive (p= 0.03). After seroconversion, serum β2-microglobulin and CD4+lymphocyte levels were elevated in cigarette smokers relative to nonsmokers (p= 0.02 for both comparisons), but both of these differences disappeared within 2 years. There was no detectable difference in the risk of AIDS orPneumocystis cariniipneumonia with respect to smoking. Our data suggest that cigarette smoking may alter the immune response to HIV-1 infection, but it appears to have no marked effect on clinical outcome. They also suggest that cigarette smoking may be a surrogate marker for continued high-risk sexual behavior in homosexual men.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has afflicted persons of all ages, yet only recently has attention been devoted to AIDS in older persons. To examine the epidemiology of AIDS in persons ≧50 years old in the United States, we analyzed cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control. The number reported annually in persons ≧50 years old increased from 13 in 1981 to 3,562 in 1989. Through December 1989, 11,984 had been reported, representing 10% of all cases. Although male homosexual contact accounted for most cases in persons aged 50–69, blood transfusion became a more common means of exposure with increasing age, accounting for 28% of cases in persons aged 60–69 and 64% of cases in individuals aged ≧70. The proportion of women increased from 6.1% in persons with AIDS aged 50–59 to 28.7% of those aged ≧70. The proportion of AIDS diagnoses made in the same month as death increased from 16% in persons aged 50–59 to 37% in those aged ≧80, suggesting either more rapid progression of disease or increasing delay in diagnosis. As the incidence in older persons continues to increase, clinicians caring for older patients must become more familiar with AIDS.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryKnowledge of the epidemiologic pattern of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in the United States is being enlarged by blood donor screening. We tested stored sera from 29,937 donations made in South Florida in 1984–1985. Twenty-three donors were confirmed as seropositive, a prevalence of 0.8 per 1,000 donations. Specificity was supported by serologic retesting and virus culture of 11 donors located for follow-up. Sex- and age-specific prevalences did not differ significantly; blacks, however, accounted for 65% of seropositive donations. Within South Florida, one section of Miami had a prevalence of 4.5 per 1,000 donations, significantly above the 0.1 to 1.1 per 1,000 rates for other parts. An epidemiologic association with known HTLV-1 endemic areas could account for most infections; all seven typed isolates were characterized as HTLV-1. Exposures, however, were diverse, sometimes multiple, and had no necessary relationship to personal lifestyle. This finding suggests that sources of infection were varied. Seropositive family members emphasize familial clustering of HTLV-1 infection.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID