摘要:

Summary:This report describes changes in sexual behavior of 209 heterosexual men enrolled in a prospective study since 1984. Data were analyzed separately for men who married during the 60 months of follow-up. Study subjects reported fewer total sexual partners and an increase in condom use in the more recent time periods compared to the first period. The proportion of never married men reporting two or more partners in the previous 6 months decreased from 53.2 to 40.7%. All of these men were human immunodeficiency virus seronegative on entry and only one documented seroconversion occurred during the follow-up.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:We surveyed for serologie evidence of either HIV-1 or HTLV-I/II infection in 387 male veterans who entered into an inpatient drug treatment center. Serum was obtained after receiving written informed consent. Serum specimens were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to HIV-1 and for antibody to HTLV-I/II; sera that were repeatedly reactive were then tested by Western blot (HIV-1/HTLV-I/II) and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (HTLV-I/II). Sixty-five of 387 (16.79%) patients were tested and confirmed as positive for HTLV-I/II only antibodies and 30 of the 387 (7.75%) were positive for HIV-1 only antibodies. An additional nine patients (2.32%) were seropositive for antibodies to both viruses. A statistically significant difference in the CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio was associated with HIV-1 sero-positivity. HTLV-I/II seropositivity was strongly associated with black race, age, and duration of i.v. drug use, but not with sexual intercourse as determined by lifetime history of number of sexual partners, incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, type of drug used, or needle-sharing practices.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 200 children with severe malnutrition and controls matched for age, sex, and area of residence were screened for serological evidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) over 5 months in 1988. The prevalence of HIV-1 antibodies in the malnourished group was 25.5% (51 of 200) compared with 1.5% (three of 200) in the controls. The seroprevalence rate was equally high in malnourished children above the age of 18 months (26 of 102; 25.5%), as in those below this age (25 of 98; 25.5%). The prevalence rate was higher in children with marasmus (38.2%) as compared to children with marasmic-kwashiorkor (12.3%) or kwashiorkor (12.2%). The prevalence of clinical features known to be associated with AIDS was higher in the HIV seropositive malnourished children as compared to the seronegative children. The modified World Health Organization clinical case definition of AIDS in children was also evaluated and found to have a low sensitivity and positive predictive value (62.8 and 57.1%, respectively) but a fairly high specificity (83.9%). It is recommended to routinely rule out HIV infection in malnourished children, especially those with marasmus.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Ghana is a West African nation in the early stages of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. In a series of surveys done between 1987 and 1989, we examined factors related to the spread of HIV infection, including knowledge about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), sexual habits, use of prostitutes, traditional healer practices, and skin-piercing customs. Although a polygamous society, three-fourths of married men had only one wife. The number of sexual partners at any one time was generally low. However, the divorce rate was more than 29% and 55% of married men had current sexual partners in addition to their wives. Knowledge about AIDS was widespread, yet 4% of men interviewed had had a sexual encounter with a prostitute within the last month. Use of condoms was very limited and 66% of customers of high-class prostitutes refused to use a condom even after a request to do so by the prostitute. Skin piercing, including scarification, was done by an unsterile instrument by 39% of 74 rural traditional healers, many of whom had more than one patient per day. To combat the spread of AIDS, Ghanaians will have to apply their knowledge of AIDS risk factors to their actual behavior. Many of the social customs are products of poverty and its ensuing social consequences. Funds are needed for specific AIDS prevention programs as well as improved education and health care throughout the country.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Behaviour Change and Stabilization of Seroprevalence Levels in Communities of Injecting Drug Users: Correlation or Causation?

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Soluble CD4 and Dextran Sulfate Mediate Release of gp120 from HIV-1: Implications for Clinical Trials

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Disease Progression and Viral Genome Variants in Experimental Feline Leukemia Virus-Induced Immunodeficiency SyndromeJames I. Mullins, Edward A. Hoover, Sandra L. Quackenbush, and Peter R. DonahuePreviously published in theJournal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 4:547–557, 1991

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID