摘要:

Serum neopterin is a metabolite of dihydroneopterin triphosphate, which is produced from GTP during immune activation. A study was undertaken in homosexual male subjects followed at 6 month intervals for 3 or more years to determine the value of serum neopterin changes induced by HIV infection. The significance of serum neopterin levels in evaluating prognosis of HIV-infected individuals was also assessed. Serum neopterin was found to be a useful indicator of the presence of HIV infection. Stratification of 29 HIV seroconverters showed a strong inverse correlation between the serum neopterin rise and the blood CD4 T cell fall in the first year following HIV infection. Thus, a small increase in neopterin (<5 nmol/L) at the time of HIV seroconversion was associated with minimal CD4 T cell reduction and a large increase (>12 nmol/L) was associated with a much greater CD4 T cell fall. Neopterin levels were markedly different (lower) in individuals with little or no CD4 T cell fall when compared with those with moderate or marked rates of T cell fall. This relationship between serum neopterin and the CD4 T cell level was further confirmed by an evaluation of both parameters in a group of 799 seropositive homosexual men. In this analysis, serum neopterin was shown to have a significant predictive value for the development of AIDS within 3 years. Furthermore, when serum neopterin and CD4 T cell measurements were considered together, the prognostic value of the combination was significantly greater than either alone. The addition of serum neopterin measurements to CD4 T cell determinations aids in the identification of “high risk” individuals within cohorts of HIV seropositive men.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A cohort of 2915 HIV-1-seronegative men from the four centers of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was followed at 6 month intervals for 24 months to identify men who developed antibodies to HIV-1. Two hundred thirty-two men (8%) seroconverted. The highest attack rate was among men who reported practicing both receptive and insertive anal-genital intercourse. The attack rate among men who reported practicing receptive but not insertive intercourse was 3.6 times higher than among men practicing insertive intercourse although those practicing insertive only reported 38% more different partners. Only two men seroconverted who reported not practicing anal-genital intercourse in the 12 months prior to the first antibody-positive visit. Because men were followed every 6 months, one of these men could have been infected within 6 months of the actual development of HIV-1 antibodies. The seroconversion rate was significantly lower among men who reported using condoms with all their partners. The results of this study (a) reaffirm that receptive anal-genital intercourse is the major route of infection among homosexual men of HIV-1, (b) suggest that there is a low risk of HIV-1 infection to the insertive partner in anal-genital intercourse, (c) suggest that infection mayrarelyoccur through sexual activities other than anal-genital intercourse, (d) provide evidence that condomsas currently used by men in the MACSprovide significant but not complete protection against HIV-1 infection, and (e) suggest that the number of men in the homosexual community engaging in high-risk behavior is declining.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Knowledge of the latency period between infection with HIV and the onset of clinical AIDS is important both to establish prognosis for infected individuals and to model the spread of HIV. This paper presents nonparametric analyses of conditional distribution of latency based on data from 1,206 persons who developed AIDS as a result of contaminated blood transfusions. Among persons who develop AIDS within 8 years of infection, there are no significant differences in the distributions of males and females. The conditional latency distribution of infants is significantly shorter than that of other transfusion cases, yet considerably longer than has previously been reported.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During a 6-month period in 1987, we examined patients clinically suspected of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the national hospital in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, and found 20 cases that fulfilled the criteria for AIDS. The two most prevalent major symptoms were weight loss arid diarrhea, and the most common minor symptoms generalized lymphadenopathy and generalized dermatitis. Six of 20 patients died within a couple of months. Nineteen of 20 patients were tested for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) antibodies and were shown to be HIV-2 seropositive. During the same time period, a seroprevalence study of HIV-2 and HIV-1 was carried out, including 2,122 patients or healthy persons in Bissau. Antibodies to HIV-2 were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and verified by Western blot analysis in 8.6% (46/535) of prenatal women, in 7.9% (9/114) of women attending a family-planning clinic, in 4.4% (19/427) of applicants for scholarships, in 17.6% (16/91) of blood donors tested during the first 2 months and 5.3% (10/189) of blood donors tested during the following months, in 5.7% (2/35) of police officers, in 36.7% (11/30) of female prostitutes, in 15.8% (97/614) of outpatients suspected of having tuberculosis, and in 55.2% (48/87) of patients clinically suspected of AIDS or AIDS-related disease. One of 2,001 subjects tested had antibodies specific for HIV-1. Another subject had an antibody pattern compatible with both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Thus, the prevalence of HIV-2 infection is quite high in Bissau and significantly higher in patients clinically suspected of AIDS than in healthy normal individuals. AIDS appears to be an important manifestation of HIV-2 infection in Bissau.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The testing for human immune deficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) antibodies of 794 sera collected in July-August 1985 in the four regions of Korhogo, Bondoukou, Man, and Bouak6 in Ivory Coast and the collection and testing for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies of 1,126 sera collected in July-August 1987 in the same regions and age groups showed a remarkable stability in the prevalence of infection by these two retroviruses (0.7 and 0.4% in 1985 vs. 0.9 and 0.2% in 1987, respectively, for HIV-1 and HIV-2) in rural areas. In contrast, the increase in prevalence of both HIV-1 (from 1 to 1.9%) and HIV-2 (from 0.8 to 1.3%) from 1985 to 1987 in the urban population was accompanied by a sharp increase during these 2 years of the number of acquired immune deficiency syndromes in regional hospitals.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Biological markers of HIV infection were studied in 17 asymptomatic HIV seropositive subjects in the 12 months preceding the onset of the disease. No single marker of HIV infection preceded the development of AIDS. Therefore, the clinical care of asymptomatic seropositive subjects should include a number of tests to evaluate HIV activity and immune suppression.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID