摘要:

Six human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive semen donors were identified during an antibody screening program initiated at an artificial insemination clinic in New York City in 1985. A total of 176 women underwent artificial insemination with fresh semen from these six donors between 1978 and mid-1985. Of these 176 women, 134 women were HIV-1 antibody tested and 1 was found to be seropositive; she denied all other AIDS-associated risk behavior and her husband was seronegative. The results of this investigation provide additional evidence that HIV-1 transmission can occur through artificial insemination with semen from an infected donor although the risk of HIV-1 transmission appears to be lower than that reported by other investigators. It is clear that HIV-1 screening of all potential semen donors should be routine practice whenever artificial insemination is performed.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To measure the impact of the 1987 expansion of the definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome on the number and characteristics of cases in the United States, we reviewed the 28,920 cases diagnosed since the revision and reported through 1988. The proportion meeting only new criteria was 28% overall, with a range of 0 to 82% in different states and territories. This proportion was 26% in the last quarter of 1987 and increased to 31% in the last quarter of 1988. It was higher in heterosexual intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) (43%) and lower in homosexual male non-IVDAs (21%) than in other groups. The new criteria, but not earlier (pre-1985) criteria, generally require a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; however, use of HIV testing varies among states, as demonstrated by differences in the percentage of pre-1985-criteria cases with a reported HIV test (39 to >95%). The revision has changed the distribution of characteristics of cases (e.g., heterosexual IVDAs composed 18% of cases meeting old criteria, 35% of cases meeting only new criteria, and 23% of all cases). Interpretation of trends in both the number and characteristics of cases should take into account the variable impact of the revision on reporting.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Persons living in the same household as index patients with AIDS or ARC in Lusaka, Zambia were clinically and serologically evaluated for HIV-1 infection. In the 150 households of male index cases, 92 (61.3%) of their spouses were infected, compared with 57 (73.1%) of the spouses of the 78 female index cases. The more advanced the clinical stage of illness in the index cases, the greater the probability of HIV infection in the spouse (RR = 4.44), and the more likely the spouse was symptomatic. Four of the 11 spouses who seroconverted to HIV had also had sexual intercourse at a time when their HIV-infected partner had genital ulcers (RR = 7.45). Of 144 children under 5 years of age, 36 (25.0%) were infected, all had infected mothers and were the last to be borne in all but one household. Three of 120 children 5 to 10 years of age were also infected, presumably through perinatal transmission. Forty-six of 52 discordantly infected couples followed for 1 year continued to have unprotected vaginal intercourse, and 11 (21.2%) of these seroconverted to HIV. There were no HIV infections that could be attributed to transmission by other means than heterosexual intercourse between spouses or by perinatal infection in children borne of infected mothers. The study suggests that there is an increasing risk of HIV heterosexual transmission as infection progresses in the infected partner, and that more effective counseling is needed to prevent it.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Among 1,350 patients with serologically confirmed HIV-1 infection evaluated at the Dermatovenerealogy Clinic, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, through March 1987, 125 (9.3%) had AIDS, 1,178 (87.3%) had AIDS-related complex, and 46 (3.5%) were asymptomatic. The male to female ratio of cases was 1.5:1 and women were younger (mean age of 26.2 years) than were men (mean age of 31.2 years). HIV-infected persons had significantly more lifetime sex partners than uninfected persons; other risk factors were a prior history of venereal disease, blood transfusion, travel abroad, and a positive syphilis serology. Clinical features in decreasing order of frequency were weight loss, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, chronic cough, multidermatomal herpes zoster, diarrhea, recurrent fevers, tuberculosis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis. The WHO clinical case definition for the diagnosis of AIDS had a low positive predictive value for the 125 Zambians with AIDS, but among all those infected with HIV, the positive predictive value was 76.4%. Thirty (35.3%) of 85 patients who were HIV seronegative when first examined acquired HIV infections during a 12− to 39-month (x = 21.8 months) period of observation. Heterosexual intercourse unrelated to prostitution appears to be the major mode of HIV transmission in Lusaka.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID