摘要:

HIV-1 neutralizing activity was demonstrated in serum and 200-fold concentrated urine from individuals who were HIV-1 antibody positive in both their serum and urine, including AIDS-KS, AIDS-OI, ARC, and asymptomatic patients. Virus neutralization activity was detected in 23 of 56 (41.1%) of the serum samples and in 19 of 56 (33.9%) of the urine samples tested, with titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:256 and 1:1 to 1:4, respectively. The highest frequency of HIV-1 neutralizing activity (87.5%) and the highest mean neutralization titers (1:65) were found in the ARC patients. A high prevalence of p24 antigen in serum and low numbers of T4-lymphocytes correlated with a low frequency of neutralizing activity in either serum or urine in the infected individuals. HIV-1 neutralizing activity in the urine was shown to be due to immunoglobulins using a Sephadex G-100 filtration gel. All 19 urine samples with neutralizing activity contained antibodies reactive with envelope glycoproteins gp160, gp120, and gp41 by Western blot, similar to that seen with serum. The frequency of HIV-1 neutralizing activity in the urine concentrates was generally associated with high titers of neutralizing antibody in the corresponding serum. These findings suggest that HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies are lost in the urine by an as yet unknown mechanism.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Common bacterial infections are increasingly being diagnosed in HIV-infected individuals. Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage kill invading bacterial pathogens and subsequently release immunoadjuvant components from the degraded cell walls. Since monocytes can be infected with HIV, effects of bacterial immunomodulators on infected promonocytic U937 cells were investigated. Synthetic muramyl peptide, mycobacterial trehalose dimycolate, and detoxified endotoxin exhibited an initial reduction followed by a rapid increase in HIV p24 antigen production. The upregulation of virus expression was correlated with enhanced interleukin-1β levels and a decrease in TNF-α production.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antisera to peptides that represent regions within the fourth and fifth conserved domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 were tested for recognition of the gp120 glycoprotein and for the ability to interfere with gp120 binding to the CD4 receptor molecule. Antisera to both peptides contained equivalent antibody titers, showed equivalent reactions with denatured gp120 on Western blot, and had group-specific reactivity. Pre-incubation of gp120 with either anti-peptide sera prebound to a solid phase substantially blocked soluble CD4 binding to gp120. Similarly, preincubation of gp120 with CD4-positive cells substantially diminished recognition of gp120 by both anti-peptide antisera. These results provide serologie evidence that regions near or within the fourth and fifth conserved domains of gp120 are involved in CD4 binding. However, neither anti-peptide sera could block soluble gp120 from binding to CD4-positive cells nor inhibited HIV-1 envelope-mediated syncytium formation or virus infection. These results demonstrate that antisera to regions proximal to the CD4 binding site of gp120 may compete poorly with CD4 for gp120 binding.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Superinfection of H9 cells persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with thermolabile vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV) led to the synthesis of hybrid progeny. These phenotypic mixtures were able to infect HeLa or Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, leading to the production of HIV p24 antigen and infectious HIV. This production was abrogated by prior incubation of the phenotypic mixtures with antiserum against VSV or HSV, as well as by incubation of the mixtures at 39°C for 10 h. These results demonstrate that during coinfection of cells with either a RNA or DNA virus, HIV forms hybrid virions composed of the genetic information of HIV and the envelope glycoproteins of the coinfecting viruses.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To date, very little is known concerning the clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection, and the question as to whether HIV-2 will ultimately prove to be as pathogenic as human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) remains, as yet, unanswered. We reviewed the currently available reports of HIV-2 infection to assess what is known about the extent of HIV-2 pathogenicity as it compares to HIV-1 pathogenicity. There is evidence that HIV-2 is associated with AIDS. Most of this evidence, however, comes from descriptive case-report type data that do not meet the basic requirements for defining causality. The most significant problems are the lack of control groups and the absence of a documented temporal relationship with HIV-2 infection preceding the development of AIDS. Comparisons of the epidemiology and disease association between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Africa may suggest relative pathogenic effects. Although certain comparisons between HIV-2 and HIV-1 are difficult to make, we conclude on the basis of existing data that the pathogenic effects and the natural history of HIV-2 are distinct from those of HIV-1.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several cell clones producing teardrop-shaped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles were isolated from MT-4 cells that survived HIV-1 infection after extensive cell lysis. Most of the teardrop-shaped particles contained an electron-dense core structure, and the particles could replicate in MT-4 cells. No significant structural difference in the HIV-1 proteins was observed between these cell clones and the MOLT-4 cells producing intact HIV-1 particles, although their envelope structure is morphologically abnormal.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

T-lymphocyte subsets in duodenal biopsies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients were studied by immunocytochemical staining to determine the alterations of CD4− and CD8-cell subsets in comparison with HIV-1 antibody-negative controls and to examine the association with stage, gastrointestinal symptoms, and peripheral lymphocyte subsets and the influence of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins. A significant decrease in duodenal CD4 cells (p< 0.001) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p< 0.001) follows HIV-1 infection when compared to HIV-1-negative controls, more accentuated both in patients of stage WR6 and suffering from diarrhea than in those of stages WR1–5 or without diarrhea. In addition, a significant increase in CD8 cells (p< 0.01) could be found in HIV-1-infected patients, again with lower levels in patients of stages WR6 than WR1–5. A strong correlation was found between the intestinal and peripheral CD4/CD8 ratio (R= 0.80), but the correlation was weak if HIV-1-negative persons were excluded from analysis (R= 0.29). Treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins improved diarrhea in four of five patients; two patients gained weight. Diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria, villous atrophy, CD4− and CD8-cell percentage, and CD4/CD8 ratio were not influenced.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A wide spectrum of renal diseases ranging from glomerulopathic lesions to tumors may be associated with HIV infection. This infection may also complicate the course of dialysis and renal transplantation. We review the renal complications of HIV infection.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Magnetic resonance (MR) scans were performed as part of a prospective neuropsychological study within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Fifty HIV-1-seronegative men, 85 HIV-1-seropositive men without constitutional symptoms, and 14 with symptomatic HIV disease underwent MR imaging using a uniform protocol. Scans were rated by neuroradiologists blinded to all clinical details except age. The majority of MR scans were normal in all of the clinical groups and no covert mass lesions or diffuse white matter abnormalities were identified. Focal hyperintensities in the white matter were observed in 24% of the HIV-1 seronegatives, 26% of HIV-1 asymptomatic seropositives (CDC II/III), and 17% of those with ARC/AIDS. No significant associations were noted between the white matter hyperintensities and HIV-1 serostatus, neurological abnormalities, CD4 count, alcohol or drug use, hypertension, or smoking. In one individual classified with early HIV-1 dementia, MR demonstrated several hyperintensities in the deep parietal white matter, but at autopsy no microscopic abnormalities corresponding to the MR findings were identified. Our studies imply that focal white matter hyperintensities identified on MR are not specific for HIV-1 infection and are probably incidental and of no clinical significance.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We observed 12 patients with acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The clinical syndrome was characterized by fever (all cases), generalized lymphadenopathy (11), arthralgias and myalgias (9), sore throat (9), rash (7), splenomegaly (6), and other less frequent signs and symptoms. All patients had a spontaneous resolution of their symptoms within 5–30 days. Anti-HIV-1 serum antibodies, as measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) at the onset of clinical illness, were negative in every patient. HIV antigen (p24), on the contrary, was detectable in nine cases. Western blot IgM and IgG analysis was serially performed: IgMs were positive in nine cases and IgGs in three. The CD4+/CD8+ratio was low in all patients because CD8+were remarkably increased and CD4+slightly reduced. A laterocervical lymph nodes biopsy was performed in four patients. The morphological and immunohistological pattern of the acute HIV-1-related lymphadenopathy did not correspond to any of the typical ones. The envelope virus protein gp120/160 was found in interfollicular and follicular lymphocytes, in endothelial cells, and in interdigitating and dendritic reticulum cells. The pl7 and p24 core virus proteins were mainly detected in endothelial, interdigitating, and dendritic reticulum cells, but in only a few lymphocytes. The follow-up suggests a rapid evolution to ARC and AIDS in patients showing an acute symptomatic HIV infection.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID