ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-two patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and severe debilitating diarrhea caused byCryptosporidiumreceived eflornithine as therapy. Of 17 evaluable patients, 5 had complete resolution of diarrhea and negative follow-up stool examinations forCryptosporidium.One patient responded but relapsed after cessation of therapy. Four patients had resolution of diarrhea and symptomatic improvement, but continued to excrete the organisms in feces. Seven patients did not respond to eflornithine therapy. Eflornithine may induce complete responses or palliation of diarrhea in some AIDS patients with intestinal cryptosporidiosis.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The experiments reported here show that the p27 product of therexgene that is encoded by the 3‘ end of the human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is required for expression of the virion capsid and envelope proteins. The regulation of virion protein expression occurs via posttranscriptional regulation of viral mRNA. In some contexts, regulation of the virion proteins is achieved by p27rex-dependent accumulation of unspliced or singly spliced mRNAs that specify capsid or envelope proteins. In other contexts, the envelope protein production is dependent upon p27rexeven in the presence of accumulation of envelope-specific mRNA. The consequences of p27 regulation for HTLV-I replication are discussed.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ability of various known anti-HIV antivirals to inhibit four different strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a strain of type 2 (HIV-2), and a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was tested. The tested substances included two sulfated polysaccharides (lentinan sulfate and dextran sulfate) and a nonsulfated polysaccharide PSK, E-P-LEM, glycyrrhizin sulfate, and nucleoside analogues (AZT and DHT). The effects of the substances were measured quantitatively with two different assays: (i) inhibition of cell-free viral infection and (ii) inhibition of the fusion reaction induced by cell-to-cell infection. The results showed that cell-free infection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 was almost completely blocked in the presence of all of the substances tested. However, cell-to-cell infection by HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I was inhibited only by the polysaccharides, E-P-LEM, and glycyrrhizin sulfate but not by the two nucleoside analogues. Moreover, the extent of inhibition of the fusion reaction by the substances varied significantly from strain to strain in HIV-1.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a comprehensive search for T-cell epitopes of HIV-1, several new regions were discovered. The analysis was performed with lymphocytes of HIV-1-infected persons in various stages of the infection. Peptides covering the entire group antigen (gag), and transmembrane (gp41) regions, and one-half of envelope (gpl20) regions of HTL V-IIIBwere studied. Both common and patient-unique responses were identified. Twelve common gag T-cell sites were discovered, as well as patient-unique activating peptides. The gag peptides elicited the most frequent cell responses and the responses remained in late stages of disease. Only 1 of the 12 T-cell activating gag peptides was reactive with specific anti-HIV IgG. Eighteen common env-representing peptides evoked T-cell responses. They could be grouped into four previously undescribed regions of gp120 and two known sites, the hypervariable stretch and part of the CD4 binding region. Cell responses to env peptides were common in early stages of disease and tended to decrease in ARC and AIDS. The gp41-representing peptides evoked a cellular response to a region close to the N-terminus of the hydrophobic transmembrane region. In addition to the T-cell activating peptides, peptides representing pl5 and pl9 as well as previously recognized regions of gp120 and gp41 appeared to be potent B-cell epitopes.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The survey of the characteristics of HIV infection implicates the binding of HIV env to the CD4 receptor as the principal cause of the resulting immunodeficiency. There is evidence that such binding selectively impairs self-recognition. The resulting immunodeficiency syndrome has the characteristics of graft vs. host disease, consistent with chronic allogeneic and semiallogeneic GVHD in mouse models. Since these syndromes are believed to result from triggering the established immunoregulatory mechanisms necessary to maintain self-tolerance, vaccination to prevent AIDS should aim to correct the inability of the HIV host to mount an immune response against CD4 binding epitopes on HIV gpl20, preferably without exposing the vaccinee to intact envelope glycoprotein. Since the AIDS syndrome is probably a defect in network immunoregulation, the most appropriate target for therapy and for vaccination is the idiotype of anti-CD4 antibodies that block CD4/env interaction.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the role of autoantibodies in the development of the AIDS dementia complex, brain-reactive antibodies (BRAs) were assayed in 30 sera samples obtained from AIDS patients. Eighteen samples were obtained from AIDS patients with neuropsychological complications, and 12 samples were obtained from patients without any neuropsychological involvement. BRAs were analyzed using strips of nitrocellulose electroblots as a source of antigen, and were prepared from a sample of normal human parahippocampal tissue subjected to SDS-PAGE. Fourteen of 18 patients with neuropsychological complications and 4 of 12 patients without such complications were positive for BRAs to a protein with Mrof 45,000–50,000.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A national survey to estimate prevalence of HIV infection would provide a useful addition to available information about the current status and future prospects of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. Both design and interpretation of a prevalence study should make use of existing information about the biology and epidemiology of AIDS. In conjunction with such information, a survey would help increase the accuracy of prevalence estimates and aid in making projections, despite the possibility that participation rates will differ in infected and uninfected individuals.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Different Ivorian population groups were comparatively tested for antibodies to HTLV-I, HIV-1, and HIV-2. They included 1,334 healthy individuals, 176 unselected medical patients in regional hospitals, 149 female prostitutes, and 65 males with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) collected in 1987 from four regions (east, north, west, and central). The HTLV-I prevalence averaged 1 to 2.7% in the different regions, without significant increase in sexually overexposed groups. Furthermore, in Dabou Protestant Hospital, 60 km west of Abidjan, 414 blood donors, 109 asymptomatic HIV-positive individuals, and 181 AIDS clinical cases were also tested. While a significant increase in the prevalence of HTLV-I antibodies was observed only in AIDS patients, HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence increased, as expected, from a low rate (2.4%) in the general population to an intermediate rate (13–15%) in blood donors and unselected hospitalized patients and to a high rate (35%) in prostitutes and STD male patients.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In June 1987, a cross-sectional study was carried out on drug users attending public centers for drug dependency in Italy. Observed proportions of HIV seropositives among the 1,363 subjects from 34 public centers in 11 regions included in the study varied widely, with an overall seropositivity rate of 37%. Sharing syringes/needles, already used by other intravenous drug users, for preparing and injecting drugs represented independent risk factors for HIV-1 infection, while sexual lifestyle did not. Risk of infection increased with frequency of sharing equipment for preparing and for injecting drugs. Modification of risk behaviors in drug use was reported more frequently than in sexual lifestyle; both were significantly associated with knowledge of being seropositive for HIV-1 infection.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID