摘要:

Tat-dependenttrans-activation in HIV requires presentation of a CUGGG pentanucleotide at the end of a stem loop within thetarsite of the viral long terminal repeat. A tandem repeat within the open reading frame of the prion protein (PrP) mRNA is able to form similar stem loop structures with which the HIVtatprotein could interact, disturbing PrP translation. Self-amplification of such a disturbance has been suggested as the cause of the scrapie group of diseases, including the scrapie-like human dementiae. The same mechanism may underly AIDS encephalopathy.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We tested three commercially available HIV-1 antigen capture systems for their ability to detect simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV). All three kits detected antigens from six distinct SIV isolates, but with varying degrees of sensitivity. For the overall detection of SIV in cell culture, our assay for reverse transcriptase was more sensitive than HIV-1 antigen capture. HIV-1 antigen capture systems were useful for the detection of SIV antigenemia in experimentally infected macaques. The limited sensitivity of HIV-1-specific antigen capture suggests that SIV-specific antigen capture reagents should be developed.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Human cell lines (the T-cell lines H9, Jurkat, and HUT102, the myeloid lines U937 and HL60, and the Raji B cell line) were infected with HIV-1. HIV-1 antigen could be detected by immunofluorescence analysis in more than 50% of T cells and myeloid cells 15 days after infection. Infection of Raji cells took more than 2–3 months. Studies of cell surface marker expression revealed remarkable changes after HIV-1 infection of Raji cells: expression of CR2 (C3d/EBV receptor, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD10, and surface IgM) were highly reduced, in the case of CR2 and membrane-IgM from 100 to 0%, whereas levels of CD37 and CD38 remained unaltered by HIV-1 infection. U937 cells showed a reduction of CD4 expression from 14 to 5% after HIV-1 infection; the CR3 expression slightly increased from 25 to 30%. In contrast, HLA-DR was only expressed (21%) after HIV-1 infection but not in uninfected U937 cells. Expression of HLA-DR could be detected also in HL60 cells (33%) after HIV-1 infection. In H9 cells, CD4 was reduced from 60 to 30% after HIV-1 infection, whereas HLA-DR and CD25/IL-2 receptor expression increased from 16 to 90% and from 0 to 50%, respectively. CD4 was reduced from 70 to 0% from Jurkat cells after HIV-1 infection, whereas expression of CR2 was only slightly diminished from 8 to 4%. Expression of CR1 and HLA-DR was slightly increased in these cells (1 to 3%). In HUT 102, a T cell line carrying HTLV-1, which has been shown to express CR2, superinfection with HIV-1 reduced the amount of CR2 on the cell surface from 65 to 18%. Thus, in a B cell and T cell line, CR2 expression is lost together with other markers upon infection with HIV-1.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The CD4 molecule was reconstituted into the bilayers of large liposomes. Fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy showed that these liposomes interact with HIV-infected H9-HT cells, delivering their contents to the cell interior. Liposomes bearing CD4 did not interact in this way with noninfected H9-HT cells nor did liposomes without CD4 interact significantly with HIV-infected cells. From electron micrographs, it appeared that HIV binds to liposomes bearing CD4; no attachment of virions to liposomes without CD4 was observed.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antibodies toE. coli-produced HIV-1vprandvpuwere determined by enzyme immunoassay in serial sets of sera from 72 men seroconverting for antibodies to HIV-1 structural proteins, and from 196 initially symptom-free men who were positive for such antibodies at study entry. First detection ofvpr-andvpu-specific antibodies always was within 12 months of seroconversion for antibodies to structural proteins. In the combined cohort of 268 men,vprandvpu-specific antibodies were found persistently in 26 and 43% of men, respectively.Vpr-andvpu-specific antibodies were transiently detected in 3 and 7%, respectively, and intermittently detected in 18 and 13% of men.Vpr-andvpu-specific antibodies were not detected in 53 and 37% of men, respectively. No association was found between the patterns ofvpr- orvpu-specific antibody response and clinical outcome. In subjects with different patterns ofvpr- andvpu-specific antibody response, no clear temporal relationship existed between the appearance or disappearance of antibodies and the onset of HIV-1-related disease.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The complex health care needs of people with HIV infection highlight inadequacies in our health care financing system and raise the question of how best to pay for care. AIDS requires a broad continuum of care to maintain high quality and reasonable costs. A simultaneous need is to assure access to care for patients with HIV infection who lack insurance or entitlement to health care benefits. We suggest new and practical payment mechanisms that can encourage the availability of comprehensive care for people with HIV infection. We suggest changes in state and federal payment policies that would make the cost of providing AIDS care more of a collective, community responsibility. We recommend mandated workplace insurance, extension of Medicaid eligibility to all with incomes below the federal poverty level, an opportunity for individuals with incomes to 200% of the poverty level to purchase Medicaid coverage, mechanisms to encourage public and private agencies to pay for continued health insurance after loss of employment, and a shortened waiting period for Medicare disability.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We assessed the immunopathologic role of circulating immune complexes in human immunodeficiency virus infection by evaluating the data base and the serum bank of the San Francisco Men's Health Study, a longitudinal clinical and epidemiological investigation conducted since 1983. A group of 4,276 sera from 1,023 (including 811 homosexual/bisexual) men were tested for circulating immune complexes. We used a modification of the commercially available enzyme immunoassay test, based on monoclonal anti-Clq antibodies coupled to the solid phase, for capturing circulating immune complexes from the test serum, followed by detection of circulating immune complexes with either anti-IgG or with anti-IgM probes. Although persistent IgM and IgG circulating immune complexes were most frequently encountered in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive homosexual/bisexual men, they were not an indicator of disease progression as assessed by abnormalities in the absolute numbers or ratios of CD4− and CD8-positive T cells, or clinical signs and symptoms of AIDS/ARC.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although listeriosis is an uncommon infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the frequency of listeriosis in New York City has increased because of the increase in the number of HIV-infected patients. The medical records of 30 patients admitted to three medical centers in New York City from 1981 to 1988 with infections due toListeria monocytogeneswere reviewed. Six patients had AIDS, one was seropositive and asymptomatic, and four had risk factors for HIV infection. While the annual number of cases of listeriosis in patients without risk factors for HIV infection was constant, 9 of the 11 patients with AIDS or with risk factors for HIV infection presented with listeriosis between 1985 and 1988, the last half of the survey period. These patients were male homosexuals or intravenous drug abusers, and all but one were black or Hispanic. Manifestations of listeriosis in patients with AIDS or with risk factors for HIV infection included bacteremia without apparent source in seven, meningitis in three, and endocarditis in one, syndromes that were similar to those in patients without risk factors for HIV infection. Ten of 11 patients were treated with penicillin or ampicillin, and 7 were also given an aminoglycoside. All patients responded well to therapy and no relapses were observed. Physicians should include antibiotics effective againstL. monocytogeneswhen treating AIDS patients with meningitis of unknown origin and consider the diagnosis of listeriosis in patients with sepsis of unknown origin.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study objective was to determine the causes and magnitude of absolute CD4 (T4) count variation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected ( + ) adult males. We conducted a prospective, blinded, and controlled study of 22 adult military male outpatients, including 16 HIV( + ) [12 in Walter Reed stage (WR-) 1 through 5, 4 in WR-6 (AIDS)], and 6 HIV seronegative ( —) healthy controls. Ten CD4+cell counts were drawn within a 3-day interval from each patient at the following times: 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2200 h on day 1; and 0800, 1200, and 1600 h on days 2 and 3. A significant CD4+cell count diurnal increase of 59 cells/mm3was detected between 0800 h and 2200 h from the WR-1–5 patients (p= 0.018), although this diurnal change was significantly blunted (p= 0.028) as compared with the 506 cells/ mm3CD4+cell count diurnal increase observed from the HIV(-) healthy controls. The coefficients of variation [CV = (standard deviation/average) ×100] of the three daily 0800 h CD4 cell counts from each patient were 15 (median) and 19 (average) for the WR-1–5 patient group. Blood leukocyte counts, differential fractions of lymphocytes, and total lymphocyte counts contributed more to the observed CD4+cell count variability than did the CD4% measurements [CV = 7.5 (median), 11 (average)] obtained from flow cytometry. We conclude that the large fluctuations that we observed in repeated CD4+cell counts in HIV( +) patients can be explained in part by CD4+cell count diurnal cycle and in part by high variability in total lymphocyte counts. Awareness of the causes and expected magnitude of CD4+cell count variation should facilitate the interpretation of CD4+cell count results from individual HIV( + ) and HIV-seronegative individuals.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the present study, blood from paid and unpaid donors was screened for the presence of HIV infection using a competitive ELISA test. None of the 8,000 unpaid donors but 4 (0.23%) of the 1,700 paid donors showed evidence of HIV infection. All of these four ELISA-positive samples were confirmed by the Western blot test. The present study indicates that HIV infection has entered the group of paid donors in the Delhi metropolitan area. Careful donor screening, discouraging use of paid donors, and stringent screening of donated units of blood has become mandatory in India to prevent HIV transmission through blood and blood products.

ISSN:0894-9255    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID