ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648451

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648452

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There is ample evidence of poor management of ecosystems with conventional prescriptions of resource management in many cases not resulting in sustainability. In fact, some of the resource crashes of recent years are of greater magnitude than those observed historically. These may reflect Hardin's ‘tragedy’ associated with open-access to common resources, but also the lack of success of privatisation as a solution. An examination of enduring, self-governing collectives managing common property regimes reveals that, despite relatively intensive use and unpredictability of some environmental and social elements, they sustained the natural resources under management over several centuries, clearly satisfying the criterion of sustainability. We examine the features of the community managed agricultural commons that have led to successful resilience and endurance across millennia. The lessons synthesised from these resilient social- ecological institutions may be valuable in the development of sustainable solutions for the ailing rural sector of our own time.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648453

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article describes a study carried out among management staff of Australian hotels relating to their perceptions of environmental issues and the environmental practices of their hotels. The issues surveyed included environmental accreditation, costs and financial benefits of environmental programs, customer attitudes, ‘green’ corporate images and staff orientation towards environmental practices. Out of the 165 questionnaires sent to hotel management staff, sixty-five returns were received with sixty usable for this study. The findings showed that hotel managers generally agreed that environmental accreditation could be a potential tool for improving practices in hotels since they did not see any automatic financial benefits being serving environmental practices. Hotel managers perceived customers as being ambivalent towards the environment. But, importantly, they saw being environmentally friendly as providing a good corporate image in the wider community. This may have served as a major motivation for many hotels to adopt environmentally sensitive practices. In the selected areas of water and energy conservation and recycling, hotel managers indicated a high level of involvement of their hotels. This finding, that practices generally exceeded perceptions, was supportive of the suspicion that a ‘green’ corporate reputation was more important than actual practices.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648454

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concept of self-regulation is now widely accepted as a form of environmental regulation. Self-regulation empowers industry to be proactive in managing its environmental impacts and complements existing direct (or command-and-control) regulation and market mechanisms. Industry has a key role in ensuring environmental regulations continue to encompass self- regulation, and in stimulating innovation of appropriate technology. We conclude that self-regulation, with ISO 14001 providing an internationally recognised management system standard, is a useful mechanism to promote environmental protection. With pressure and coalition building from the many stakeholders, together with existing direct regulation, and market mechanisms, self-regulation will enhance the overall environmental regulatory framework.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648455

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Designation of new protected areas, introduction of new environmental regulations and resumption of land for infrastructure development lead to expropriation of natural resources or limitations on private property rights. ‘Takings’ by government may be justified when the social gain exceeds the private loss. Important issues then arise as to compensation policy. This article examines economic aspects of takings and limitations of property rights to natural resources. Compensation decisions by government with respect to three case studies in Queensland are reviewed. The nature and extent of compensation varied widely in these cases, and lack of clearly enunciated policies by government is apparent. It is probably impractical for government to set out clear guidelines to compensation for the takings of resources interests, although some reduction in uncertainty appear to be desirable.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648456

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the early 1990's, cultural heritage places were identified as likely to be impacted by accelerated (greenhouse) climate change. Subsequently, both at the national and international levels, cultural heritage issues have not been mentioned in agendas requiring adaptive responses. In this paper it is argued that adaptive responses, which include cultural heritage issues, need to be developed. Numerous sites could potentially be impacted by accelerated climate change, particularly in coastal locations. These sites range from indigenous middens, to early European coastal engineering structures. Coastal middens in particular, apart from their obvious value to indigenous owners and archaeologists, are a vast store of palaeo-climate, sea level and biological systems information. They also have ecotourism values. Environmental managers need to be made aware of these broad heritage values, and cultural heritage managers need to assess their professional capabilities to deal with conservation and salvage issues if environmental change is rapid. There is a critical need to make indigenous owners aware of these issues and involve them at all levels of the debate.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648457

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648458

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor