ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648459

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648460

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648461

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Exotic marine species are a threat to the biodiversity and health of Australian coastal marine ecosystems and to the industries and amenities that depend on them. Although the issue of introduced marine species has a long history world wide, the magnitude of the threat they pose to Australia has only become apparent since the mid-1980s. Recent surveys show that there are over 250 introduced marine species in Australian waters. They range from plankton and algae to fishes, occur in every port thus far examined, and have invaded habitats as diverse as intertidal rock pools to the open oceanic shelf. In many areas, exotic species now dominate marine communities. Most of these invaders are ecological pollutants rather than disasters, but several are having major impacts on Australia's marine ecosystems. There are few options currently available to deal with these invaders. Two complementary approaches are needed. First, we need to slow the rate of invasion by appropriate management of shipping, mariculture and port operations. Second, we need to develop and apply control options that suit the population dynamics of marine species and the unique social context in which control will have to take place.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648462

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Exotic animals can establish wild populations that have adverse economic and environmental impacts. In Australia, more than 50 terrestrial vertebrate species have established wild populations and at least half of these species are considered pests. A number of exotic species currently kept in captivity are potential pests if they were to escape and establish. Paradoxically, there is a push to allow freer trade in animals between countries for recreational and commercial purposes. This paper outlines a model of risk assessment used in Australia to assess and manage these risks, including the application of ecological theory to estimate the probability of escape, establishment, eradication and harmful impact. Ways to improve this process by developing a more quantitative approach are discussed.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648463

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) is responsible for regulating plant importation into Australia. AQIS operates on the principle of managed risk. The objective is to protect Australia's agricultural industry and natural environment by managing the risks within an appropriately conservative quarantine framework, whilst still permitting desirable plant imports. In 1997 AQIS introduced a new system for screening new plant imports to reduce the levels of exotic weed pests entering Australia.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648464

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

At the species level, weeds have been primarily responsible for the presumed extinction of four Australian plant species and have the potential to force many more native plants to extinction. We discuss two known examples and describe research in progress on several endangered native plant species in relation to the threat posed by the non-native weed Bridal creeper(Asparagus asparagoides). At the ecosystem level, weeds may modify the functioning of natural ecosystems, usually negatively but sometimes positively, depending on the group of organisms being considered. Two Australian weed invasions that have positive, neutral and negative impacts on the invaded ecosystems are discussed. Of the various threats to native plant biodiversity, we conclude that increasing fragmentation of natural vegetation is a major factor that allows weeds to establish and dominate and thereby threaten still further the continued existence of native plant species and the Australian ecosystems in which they occur.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648465

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Today, alien species or those animals, plants and micro-organisms which are not native to Australia, are invading to such an extent that they are now posing a serious threat to the economy and the environment especially biodiversity. While there have been some developments in terms of policy and legislation to deal with this problem in Australia, at the federal level there remains a need to continue such development in order to counter the continually growing and global of threat of invading alien species.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648466

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In concert with France, Australia promoted itself as a leading campaigner for the comprehensive environmental protection of Antarctica1. In doing so, for a brief period Australia broke ranks with some other Antarctic Treaty members, including the country's closest allies, the UK and USA. To reinforce this campaign it was logical that the government would also pursue the development of a national Antarctic conservation strategy. Such a strategy would be designed to give detailed guidance for the implementation of the ideas set out in an international environmental agreement. This agreement, known as the Madrid Protocol, establishes a framework for the comprehensive environmental protection of the southern continent. Drafting of the strategy started in a rush in late 1992 with a flurry of high profile activity and public involvement. However, it quickly became evident that the strategy would reflect pre-existing institutional priorities and philosophy. The final document was gradually marginalised and eventually abandoned. This article reviews the development of the strategy and discusses possible reasons for its fate. The material is based on interviews and discussions with those connected with the strategy and on the authors' own involvement. It concludes by asking whether a similar fate awaits most, if not all, national environmental strategies.

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648467

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1322-1698    

DOI:10.1080/14486563.1999.10648468

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor