ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184250

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184251

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184252

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The investigation of molecular traits for evolutionary studies is a valuable alternative to the classic morphological approach. Since the mid-1980s molecular evolution has extended its field of investigation into the past. This has become possible with development of the polymerase chain reaction, which allows amplification of, and hence the study of, DNA from individuals long since dead. Many ancient, mostly extinct, animals and plants have been studied in order to determine their phylogenetic relationships with extant species. The biochemical properties of ancient DNA are also under investigation. The modifications that this molecule undergoes over long periods of time are of great interest as attempts are made to retrieve DNA from increasingly older remains.

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184253

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184254

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There is currently no consensus on when to start or stop growth hormone (GH) treatment for short stature. Observed height velocity and/or remaining growth potential are the usual guidelines for the efficacy of continued treatment, and the decision to stop GH therapy will thus vary with the underlying disease and individual circumstances, within the limitations of the social and financial environment. The consequences of discontinuing treatment must also be considered. In GH deficiency a chronologically differential progression of developmental events is likely, and while normal height may be attained GH-dependent gonadal or bone structure/function may be retarded. The decision to stop GH treatment can only be made with reference to the expanding knowledge of its complex biological role rather than adhering to convention.

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184255

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Forty-six patients (28 boys, 18 girls) were treated with growth hormone (GH) for short stature. Twenty-eight patients had total growth hormone deficiency (GHD), 12 partial GHD and 6 patients had short stature without GHD. Brain tumours were the cause of GHD in 8 patients and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was present in 9 children. All patients received GH with subcutaneous injections only, 6-7 times/week. Mean final height for all patients was -1.11 SDS and was similar in boys ( 1.09 SDS) and girls (-1.13 SDS). Target height SDS was -0.80 SDS in 42 patients, comparing favourably with a final height SDS of-1.05. Similar results were obtained in all patient sub-groups. Height velocity during the last year of therapy was between 2.1 and 9.9 cm/ year in 34 patients and below 2 cm in 12 patients. As further growth is to be expected, target height will probably be reached by most patients.

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184256

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This brief report is a preliminary review of the interpretation of’final height’ in a large study of children, some of whom have been treated with recombinant human growth hormone for as long as 8 years. Most of the children in this study have not attained final height, so we highlight the issues relating to the definition of final height, study completion and diagno

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184257

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Auxological data and final height were analysed in 42 patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), 10 had isolated GHD (group 1), 23 had multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (group 2) and 9 had organic GHD (group 3). Patients received growth hormone (GH) for a mean of 6.5 ± 2.6 (group 1), 8.0 ± 2.9 (group 2) and 2.9 ± 1.5 years (group 3). Most patients were treated with pituitary GH (pGH), 11 IU/m2/week (mean) in 3 divided doses, which was not changed during puberty. Six patients, treated with daily injections of recombinant GH, showed a significantly better height velocity than those treated with pGH (2.1 vs. -0.3 SDS), though the mean dose was identical (p = 0.03). Final heights for boys and girls were -2.8 and -3.3 SDS (group 1), -1.9 and -1.6 SDS (group 2), and -2.9 and -3.2 SDS (group 3). Only 20% of group 1 70% of group 2 and 22% of group 3 reached final heights within target limits. Final height was positively correlated with height at onset of puberty, but there was no association with the timing or magnitude of pubertal grow

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184258

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Final height was evaluated in 203 patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency, who had been treated with GH in childhood, and was related to other factors. Mean final height was 168.1 cm (men) and 154.7 cm (women), -2.07 and -2.20 SD of the population mean, respectively. Patients with GH deficiency due to cerebral tumour were taller than those with idiopathic GH deficiency, and patients with induced puberty were taller than those with spontaneous puberty. Target height (r = +0.37), birth length (r = 0.36), height SDS at the start of therapy (r = +0.51) and at the start of puberty (r = +0.58) were significantly correlated with final height. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that after correction for height at the start of puberty, age at the start of puberty was also positively correlated with final height. Patients who were treated after 1983 (when treatment regimens were changed) were taller than patients who finished treatment before 1983. The results suggest the importance of preventing a large initial height deficit and attaining optimal height at the start of puberty.

ISSN:1663-2818    

DOI:10.1159/000184259

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger