摘要:

SummaryWhile the dependence syndrome has been extensively studied in alcohol patients, much less information is available about this syndrome in drugs other than alcohol. Since the core symptoms of the dependence syndrome have been defined as comprising a dimension of disability distinct from social, health and other consequences of substance abuse, we examined the relationships of dependence syndrome symptoms and related problems for drugs. We included cannabis, stimulants, barbiturates, tranquilizers, cocaine, opiates and hallucinogens in our analyses. Results showed high clustering of dependence symptoms with each other and with health, social and emotional problems attributed to drug use. This supports the syndrome concept for the core dependence symptoms, but not the concept that the symptoms form distinct dimensions from associated problems.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe main aim of this paper is to provide feedback from a recent 1984–85 follow‐up study, based on an original study of Alcoholism Treatment Units carried out from 1978–1982. On the whole, the paper demonstrates the usefulness of this feedback strategy and the value of this type of research. While the empirical information reported in this paper speaks for itself, the discussion revolves around two main themes: (1) changes within the treatment settings and (2) consolidation in the ATUs institutional response. Conclusions drawn from this discussion confirm the future role of ATUs and suggest possible ways fo

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe comparative effects of alcoholism treatment programmes were examined by randomly assigning 113 male and female detoxified alcoholics to either: a 6‐week inpatient programme, a 6‐week outpatient programme or a single confrontational interview. On a variety of outcome measures, that included both levels of drinking and general functioning taken 6 and 18 months after intake, no treatment appeared to be consistently more effective than another. Furthermore, those who stayed in treatment did not show significantly more long‐term improvement than those who refused or dropped out of treatment.Abstinent subjects felt more often than drinkers that they had achieved the goals they had set themselves and by the final follow‐up there were many positive differences in apparent lifestyle.Although individual drinking patterns were unstable, on average, almost half the subjects located had either abstained or were drinking moderately. Patient and treatment variables combined explained up to 57% of the variance in amount drunk after treatment, with patient variables providing the strongest assoc

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBaseline data were collected on 263 general hospital patients screened as problem drinkers, who were randomly allocated to one of two groups. In one group an attempt was made to refer patients for treatment while no action was taken for the other. Both groups were followed up at 12 and 18 months. At 12 months the referred group had improved significantly more than the control group in terms of self‐reported alcohol problems, personal happiness, period since last drinking and work performance. However, these effects had diminished at 18 months, largely because of improvements in the control group after the 12‐months follow‐up, which appeared to function as an intervention. These results suggest that intervention following screening is of benefit, and that such a strategy could usefully be incorporated into normal hospital ro

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDrug consumption in 1984 among 2921 students of nine faculties in the University of Valladolid (Spain) is reported. Cannabis was the most frequently consumed drug, followed by non‐medical consumption of amphetamines and tranquillizers. Drug consumption tends to be more frequent among males, among students who share a flat with friends and among those in disagreement with their parental upbringing. Most students start the consumption of different drugs between the ages of 17 and 20 years. ‘Curiosity’, ‘search for pleasure and happiness’ and ‘new sensations’ were the principal reasons for drug consumption, except for amphetamines and tranquillizers which were principally consumed as

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe interactions between alcohol and social stimulants (e.g. caffeine and nicotine) are generally regarded as complex, with antagonistic, synergistic, and mixed effects being reported. These social drugs are frequently ingested in close temporal proximity, yet relatively little is known about the cognitive effects of such drug combinations. Several experiments are reported in which moderate doses of alcohol, caffeine and nicotine were administered to groups of subjects in a state‐dependent learning design. The results demonstrate the dissociative effects of alcohol‐caffeine and alcohol‐nicotine combinations on learning and recall. Hence a significant proportion of everyday forgetting could be due to state‐dependent learning effects, particularly since drug combinations offer an increased range of dissociation possib

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRegional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was recorded in 32 young otherwise healthy alcoholics (less than 40years old) by the Xenon 133 method. The duration of the intoxication was less than 10 years in all patients. A psychometric evaluation was also performed (Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale, Benton's visual retention test and Binois Pichot Vocabulary test). A hypofrontal flow distribution was found in all except two subjects. A significant heterogeneity of flow distribution was also found, rCBF was reduced by 20% to 47.1 (right) and 47.4 (left), compared to 57.7 and 60.3 in the control group. There were considerable abnormalities of cognitive functions in alcoholics, but only weak correlation was found between frontal blood flow and Benton's visual retention test.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books Reviewed in this Article:Training Alcohol Educators: A Combined Training&Research PerspectiveR. MEANS&L. HARRISONHeroin, Aids and SocietyROY ROBERTSONDeterminants of Substance Abuse: Biological, Psychological and Environmental FactorsM. GALIZIO&S. A. MAISTO (Eds)Women, Drinking and PregnancyMOIRA PLANTRecent Developments in Alcoholism Vol. 4MARC GALANTER (Ed.)Social Psychology. Attitudes, Cognition and Social BehaviourJ. RICHARD EISER

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY