摘要:

SummaryThe chewing of khat leaves is common in certain countries of East Africa and the Arabian peninsula, and some khat users are subject to psychic dependence on this stimulant. Recently, important progress has been made in understanding the pharmacological basis for the effects of khat. It is now known that the CNS stimulation is mainly due to the presence of the alkaloid cathinone in the leaves, and the results of variousin vitroandin vivoexperiments indicate that this substance must be considered a ‘natural amphetamine’.The consumption of khat has strongly increased in recent years, and the drug has also made its appearance in Great Britain. In view of these developments, the socio‐economic and health aspects of the khat habit are discussed together with the political issues that they

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper estimates the economic cost of the extra health care in New Zealand associated with the misuse of alcohol. From a range of different studies it was estimated that 7.8% of hospital operating costs were attributable to alcohol consumption. These additional costs formed 85.5% of the total increase in health costs related to excess alcohol consumption. The estimate of this total, NZ$108.3m., represented 0.4% of New Zealand GNP for 1981–8

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOn the basis of Swedish data for the period 1931–80 the impact of per capita consumption on male cirrhosis mortality is estimated. The lag structure which is specified takes the short‐term as well as the long‐term effect into consideration. According to the findings, a one litre increase in per capita consumption leads to an increase in male mortality from cirrhosis of about 60% when enough time has passed for the total effect to have been established. This estimate appears to be quite large, e.g. it is approximately five times greater than one which was estimated from Danish data. The discrepancy will be a subject for further res

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAnalyses demonstrate that changes in prevalence of drinking patterns and problems across the life course for men can be described by age‐related incidence, chronicity and remission. Two longitudinal general population data sets demonstrate that the incidence of heavy drinking and alcohol problems decreases with age and that the chronicity of alcohol problems is highest in the middle years, decreasing after that time. A cohort analysis indicates that cohort membership or unique historical events do not appear to affect these age‐specific findings for men measured in the mid‐to‐late 20th Century in

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe present study examined the stated reasons for selecting drinking places among convicted drunken drivers (N=7,149). Six drinking place selection factors were identified: entertainment, ambience, facilities, friendship, avoidance, and service. Relationships between these factors and the sociodemographic characteristics and drinking locations of the respondents were examined to determine why different subgroups of drunk drivers make trips to specific types of drinking places. Younger drunk drivers were more likely than others to report that they select drinking places for entertainment, facilities, and avoidance. Entertainment and friendship were especially important reasons for selecting drinking places among unmarried respondents. Drinking‐related trip‐making to bars or lounges appeared to be influenced by the desire for entertainment, friendship, and facilities; while service and ambience were related to the frequency of drinking in restaurants, and avoidance was related to the frequency of drinking in automobiles and parking l

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAmong one hundred randomly selected outpatients at the Meru District Hospital in Kenya, 29 (28 men and 1 woman) were Khat chewers. Six of these were ‘heavy’ and 23 ‘moderate’ users. Twenty out of 29 Khat chewers also used alcohol heavily. Consequences of this joint misuse of two potentially addictive drugs are di

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:Research Advances in New Psychopharmacological Treatments for AlcoholismC. A. NARANJO&E. M. SELLERS (Eds)Medical Problems of Alcoholism, Basis, Diagnosis and Treatment[in Spanish] JUAN CARLOS NEGRETED, JORGE MARDIBES&GUILLERMO UGARTEAlcohol and Biological MembranesWALTER A. HUNTHow to Stop Smoking PermanentlyWALTER S. ROSSAlcohol in America: Taking Action to Prevent AbuseSTEVE OLSON&DEAN R. GERSTEINThe War on Drugs. Heroin, Cocaine, Crime and Public PolicyJ. A. INCIARDI

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY