ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDavid Archibald was founding member, and for many years, director of Ontario's Addiction Research Foundation. Although he officially retired from the Foundation in 1981, he continues to be active in the addictions field. He is currently president of the International Council of Alcohol and Addictions and a consultant to the World Health Organization.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMore than 30,000 individuals have been investigated in the continuous screening and intervention, study in Malmo. The impact of alcohol an health has been evaluated by comparing alcohol intake as established at the initial interview with results of screening investigations, clinical records, social register data and mortality analysis. In addition, large subsamples of individuals with different levels of serum CGT (gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase) have been followed up. GGT has proved to be a useful and simple tool in identifying and treating heavy drinkers and monitoring their outcome. It also appears to be a strong risk factor for short term mortality in the male population.In the intervention study, counselling and repeated feedback of GGT results in a group of middle‐aged heavy drinkers resulted in a significant reduction in sick absence, hospitalization and mortality, compared with that in a control group over a period of 60 months. As the intervention program seems to be effective in preventing alcoholism on an individual basis, there is need for more manpower and mart intervention attempts within general medicine in reduce the enormous impact of alcohol on h

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA critique is made of the report of the Dickens' enquiry into the controlled drinking research of the Sobells. On the issue of the rehospitalization of patients following treatment, it is suggested that the Committee misinterpreted the allegations presented in the Science article and its earlier draft. On the issue of frequency of follow‐up contacts, it is suggested that the Report does not adequately address the question of why the Sobells failed to provide accurate information concerning the number of subject contacts. On the issue of randomization, the Committee is criticized for its rejection of evidence from the hospital records. It is concluded that the Committee's analysis of these three most central issues leaves many questions unanswered and that the scope of its enquiry was too narrow to permit a conclusive judgement in either direction. It is also concluded that the Committee's scientific defence of the Sobells' research appears in many instances to be ill‐foun

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this issue, Walker and Roach present their critique of the Dickens Committee's investigation of our research. In their critique, Walker and Roach confound criticism of the Dickens Committee with criticism of the study ‘Individualized behavior therapy for alcoholics’. We respond to the specific issues raised to demonstrate the misconceptions, and erroneous assumptions upon which Walker and Roach base their critique. The alcohol field will not be advanced by polem

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe major points of the ‘Critique’ written by Walker and Roach are reviewed and examined in light of information presently available to any interested follower of the controversy relating to the research published by Doctors Mark and Linda Sobell. The criticisms of the Report of the Committee are found to be unpersuasive and in each instance do not challenge the approach, findings, or conclusions of the Commit

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLongitudinal studies of drinking are now of great importance. Two concepts need to be distinguished. Career is the evolution of the individual's role, while Natural History pertains to the sequential development in tissue or body‐system reactivity to alcohol. The richness of ideas and research opportunities relating seperately to each of these dimensions is discussed, and also the need for synthesi

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryData from nine population samples are combined in order to compare different population sub‐groups as to prevalence of drinking problems among high “frequency of intoxication” drinkers. Various indicators of frequent intoxication and of drinking problems are presented and discussed. Suggestions are made as to fewer, simpler questions about drinking and as to better ways of studying problem

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFurther results are reported from the first phase of a follow‐up study of drinking habits and alcohol‐related consequences amongst 1,036 Scottish teenagers. These data revealed that for both males and females, having serious alcohol‐related consequences was significantly positively correlated with tobacco consumption and with the use of illicit drugs. These results lend support to existing evidence indicating that multiple drug use is commonplace amongst young people whose use of alcohol is heavy or, in the case of males, causes pro

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThree hundred and eighty‐five psychiatric patients were screened by a nurse for alcohol‐related problems, and a representative 112 were re‐interviewed in a ‘blind’ fashion by a psychiatrist using either (a) the same screening interview, or (b) a much more detailed history schedule. Reliability measures between the two screening interviews were high for alcohol consumption as well as the Brief MAST, CAGE, and Reich tests. Similarly the more detailed ‘validity’ interview produced closely correlated estimates of alcohol consumption. Agreement was less good for women than men and for drinking in the month, as opposed to the year, before admission. The Brief MAST, CA GE, or Reich screening tests could usefully be incorporated into the routine nursing interview at first contact with psychia

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY