ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch on excessive drinking in the family context has revealed the range of ways of coping used by close relatives. Case material from ongoing research in England and Mexico is used to illustrate this point. This research is also revealing the ways in which the family, close and extended, often fail to support the coping actions of close relatives. The analogy is drawn between coping with excessive drinking in the family and coping in the work selling. In the latter context explicit alcohol policies have been developed. These often recommend combining confrontative and supportive coping, ft may be difficult for relatives, in the family setting, to adopt such a policy without support. The forms of coping identified in family research and in work policies correspond to basic and universal dimensions of interpersonal behaviour: dominance‐submissiveness and friendliness‐hostility. These forms of responding to excessive drinking may be identified beyond the micro‐social systems of family and workplace. They are evident, also, in the responses of community agents such as police and social workers, and at the level of local and national gover

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigates severity of dependence upon heroin, cocaine and amphetamines in a group of 200 heroin users, 75% of whom were not in contact with any treatment agency. For drug takers who were current users of more than one drug, heroin produced more severe dependence than either cocaine or amphetamine and many users of these stimulant drugs reported having experienced no problems of dependence. Severity of dependence was influenced by route of administration as welt as type of drug. Heroin taken by injection was associated with more severe dependence than smoked heroin. For cocaine, injection and smoking were associated with equivalent dependence ratings, and both of these routes were associated with more severe dependence than cocaine used intranasally. For amphetamine, there were no differences in severity of dependence ratings for injection, intranasal or oral use. Severity of dependence was correlated with dose and duration of drug use; it was also associated with previous attendance at a drug treatment agency, though dependence problems were also common among heroin users who had never received treatment. Implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on previous reports that bromocriptine, a postsynaptic dopamine agonist, reduced cocaine craving and prevented relapse in cocaine‐dependent subjects, effects of the drug were evaluated in 20 cocaine‐dependent males in an inpatient drug rehabilitation programme. The subjective and physiologic effects of exposure to both cocaine‐associated and neutral stimuli, presented using videotapes, were measured at one‐week intervals. Between laboratory sessions subjects received either bromocriptine (1.25 mg bid) or a matched placebo, administered in double‐blind fashion. Compared with the neutral videotape, the cocaine videotape elicited both a greater desire to use cocaine and more symptoms associated with cocaine self‐administration. These results support an appetitive conditioning model of cocaine effects. Bromocriptine, however, had no effect on the cocaine‐cue‐associated reactivity, which declined over the 1‐week interval in both treatment groups. Methodological differences among studies that have examined the effects of bromocnptine in cocaine‐dependent subjects may explain the variabl

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMethadone mixture DTP (Img in 1 ml) is a safe non‐injectable alternative to methadone tablets (5mg). It also allows for a more gradual detoxification from opiate dependence. For these reasons it was decided to ‘rationalise’ our prescribing so that methadone in mixture form only would be dispensed. At the beginning of 1989, 66 opiate‐dependent patients were receiving methadone tablets, 61 the methadone mixture. We report the consequences of instituting a policy change which was clearly very unpopular with patients. Of the 66 patients receiving methadone tablets prior to the change to mixture, 53 were represcribed tablets by the end of the 3‐month follow‐up period. In many cases this was because of an intense resistance to the change over, physical complications of methadone mixture occurred in very few. We were able to observe a decline in social stability and an increased use of non‐prescribed drugs in some patients who changed to methadone mixture. More far‐reaching consequences of the change included an increase in chemist break‐ins, an increase in the street value of methadone tablets and greater hostility and threatening behaviour towards staff. These changes reflect psychological rather than pharacological or pharma

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐eight from a total of 42 known HIV‐positive prisoners in the Irish prison system voluntarily cooperated in a survey of psychological attitudes, knowledge of risk behaviour, intentions with respect to future risk behaviour, and actual past risk behaviour Of this group, 65% reported that they had put others at risk of HIV, since they became aware of their own HIV + status. Only 16% stated that they would definitely not share their drug‐taking equipment in the future and 32% that they would always use a condom in sexual intercourse. In general, psychological and biographical variables were not strongly related to whether or not the respondents had put others at risk of HIV. Nor were there any significant differences in knowledge of at risk behaviour between those who had and those who had not put others at risk. However, there was some evidence for considerable independence between risk‐taking behaviour in the sexual and in the drug‐taking domains, in that risk‐taking in one area was not highly predictive of risk‐taking

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines drug setting among representative samples of High school students in Ontario. It involves three approaches, (i) examining the trend in drug selling between 1983 and 1989, (ii) assessing differences between sellers and non‐sellers on demographic characteristics, levels of alcohol and drug use, and problems, and (iii) drawing detailed profiles of drug seller types. Drug selling declined considerably between 1983 and 1989. Sellers were more likely to be males and to use alcohol and drugs more often than non‐sellers. Sellers also had more alcohol and drug problems and engaged in more delinquent acts. Drug sellers who sold cannabis only were less frequent users of drugs, less likely to have drug problems, and were also delinqu

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA prospective study of a representative sample of nearly 2000 young people aged 17–20 years was started in 1985. It was followed up twice, in 1987 and in 1989. The Central Bureau of Statistics in Norway was responsible for the data collection. Sixty‐five per cent of the stratified sample (1985) participated in all the three surveys. The aim of this paper has been to explore the relationship between unemployment and the use of drugs and alcohol. The results show that unemployment does not appear to influence the consumption of alcohol. In a high consumption group, unemployment seems to lead to a decrease in alcohol consumption, though there was a clear tendency to increase use of cannabis. The results seem to indicate that there was no increase in use of alcohol or drugs in response to stress as a result of unemployment, though unemployment may lead to a stronger identification with or joining marginalized or deviant subcultures which in turn leads to an increased use of canna

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe smoking behaviour of 665 children aged 12–15 years with special educational needs was compared with that of a control group of 842 children in mainstream education. Each child was interviewed using a structured questionnaire and reported smoking behaviour was validated against scores on a carbon monoxide monitor. We identified as the most at risk group children with emotional and behavioural disorders. They had the highest smoking rates and were the heaviest smokers. In contrast, children with learning difficulties had slightly lower smoking rates than those of the control. There were significant associations between the children's smoking behaviour and the smoking behaviour of siblings and ‘other adults’ in the household, belonging to single parent families, low self‐esteem and large friendship groups. The reported smoking rates of the families of both groups of special needs children was found to be considerably higher than that in the control group or in the general pop

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Data Notes Series is edited by Dr Bridget Grant, Chief of Biometry of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.AbstractThis data note explores the relationship of gender, alcohol consumption and premature death from cardiovascular disease (MCVD). Data on the 8164 deaths attributed to MCVD from the National Mortality Followback Study (NMFS) were analyzed controlling for gender and consumption. Women who are heavy drinkers die young at a rate equal to that of men who drink heavily. In light of this, we recommend that future research and preventive efforts in this area include females as subjects and alcohol as a major risk factor.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY