ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis review indicates the way in which epilepsy and excessive ethanol intake are related and the frequency of each in relation to the other. There are many ways that fits may be precipitated, both during intoxication and during recovery from ethanol excess. Continuing anticonvulsant therapy is not usually indicated. The importance of abstinence is emphasised if fits occur.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper describes the development of alcohol research in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Different organizational structures have developed. In Finland and Norway, separate research institutes carry the main research responsibility. Sweden, with its several university chairs for alcohol research, has chosen an internationally unique organizational solution. The orientation, content, and recent trends in social alcohol research are dealt with on the basis of data from the 1970s and recent research reports; the main differences between the countries are discussed. Existing Nordic cooperation is also described.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCanada has been a leader in alcohol research for several decades. This research, both in Canada and elsewhere, is often associated with a Temperance Movement. In Canada, several of the most important alcohol research centres were established with the support of the Temperance Movement. The largest alcohol research agency is the Addiction Research Foundation in Ontario and it accounts for most of the alcohol research money spent in Canada. It has a research budget of about $8 million and about 50 scientists on staff. Currently there are 31 lines of research and a much larger number of projects. Provincial agencies outside Ontario typically do very little research, except to evaluate their own programmes. In addition, some grants for alcohol research are made by medical research agencies. Several important approaches in alcohol research can be identified as typically Canadian. At present, research funding is not being expanded and actual declines in support have occurred in some areas.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper sets out the characteristics of the basic economic approach to evaluating addiction control policy. It emphasises the importance of costing policy prior to implementation in an attempt to highlight the waste of resources which can result from ad hoc policy choice. Every policy choice is taken at the cost of another and if such costs are evaluated and minimised, limited funds can be spent most efficiently. The example used is the cost to the health of Europeans from EEC market controls such as the Common Agricultural Policy wine policy. These and similar costs must be considered if recent moves to set up an EEC Health Policy are to be fulfilled.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe simplifying assumptions made by geneticists in the study of behaviour have been reviewed and their relation to the genetics of substance use and abuse have been specified. The most notable problems are the validity of genetic estimates for substance use based on twin data when within twin pair competition or mutual effects have been shown to be present and the fact that broad secular changes in alcohol consumption render heritability values valid only for certain populations at specific points in time. Behaviour genetic methods can however provide information about different sources of environmental variation and tend to show that the family is of little importance, especially for personality traits as well for some aspects of substance use. A simple model to investigate familial and cultural transmission is suggested for traits such as substance use that do not appear, on a priori grounds, to have a strong genetic predisposition.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn illicit heroin market has existed in London since the 1960s. From 1970 illicit supplies from Southeast Asia and subsequently Southwest Asia increased. Two hundred and twenty‐four reports on ‘retail’ and ‘wholesale’ illicit heroin prices were collected between 1980and 1983. Over that period the average retail price reported was £7 8 per gram, almost twice the average wholesale price of £41.00. Between October 1980 and June 1983, retail and wholesale prices fell by 20–25 per cent relative to inflation. Reports from heroin users and other indicators over this period suggest that heroin availability increased and that dilution (‘cutting’) was much less significant than in the United States. The distribution system and the effect of price fluctuation on consumption are discussed. It is argued that retail and wholesale heroin prices provide a useful indicator of market conditions. The evidence points to a flourishing and expanding market

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02541.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlthough methadone has been used in Canada for the treatment of opiate‐dependent persons since 1959, information concerning its use in Canada is limited. Methadone treatment in Canada is discussed with respect to national and provincial drug laws, public and professional support for the treatment, patient characteristics, and the sources and types of illicit and licit opiates abused. The paper also reports on the results of a survey of the physicians in Canada who were authorized during 1981–82 to prescribe methadone to opiate‐dependent persons. These physicians were asked to provide information on the number of patients they treated with methadone during the previous 12 months, their indications) for the use of methadone, the dosages used and duration of treatment, and the auxiliary treatments provided. Information concerning specific provincial methadone treatment programmes is also pres

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe possibility of applying the short‐form Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire (SADD) to an interview situation was tested in an alcoholic sample. This was in contrast to using the self‐completion questionnaire as was originally proposed.The correlation between the SADD, when applied to an interview situation and the SADD, when used as a self‐completion questionnaire, as evaluated by the Spearman correlation coefficient, wasr= 0.81. A test‐retest reliability using the self‐completed form provided a correlation ofr= 0.90. Split‐half reliability obtained far both the interview and self‐completion questionnaire yielded correlations ofr= 0.88 andr= 0.82 respectively. The interview version of the SADD can, therefore, be utilised with illiterate subjects. Furthermore, it has provided data showing that the SADD clearly discriminated between a sample of normal volunteers (n= 55) and a sample of alcoh

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY