ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlcohol research in the United States is reviewed within an historical perspective of five decades. The status of current research in the biological and the behavioral sciences is considered in the context of a changing climate of public concern about alcohol problems and changes in scientific interests, funding resources and organizational mechanisms for supporting research. The need for a biobehavioral perspective in alcohol research is emphasized.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFor many years alcohol (ethanol) has been known to interact with the three major CNS neurotransmitters, noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine. This work, originally based on animal studies, has more recently been extended into man with interesting findings both on the effects of alcohol on monoamine neurotransmitters and possibilities that abnormalities of these substances may act as pre‐disposing factors for alcoholism. Studies on noradrenaline show that it seems to be affected by alcohol in all phases of administration with an overall tendency to increasing turnover, and is most obviously manifest by the withdrawal signs. Drugs which affect noradrenergic receptors to reduce turnover, e.g. clonidine, seem to be of value in treating alcohol withdrawal. Abnormalities of dopamine function may contribute to the paranoid psychosis which may develop in alcoholism, and also to the hallucinosis and confusion seen in withdrawal. 5‐HT seems to be involved in alcohol appetite and preference. It may also be involved in the development of tolerance. The possibility that reduced noradrenaline and/or 5‐HT function may predispose to alcoholism is supported by a number of observations. However, much further work in this direction is needed before we can be certain of the role of either of these neurotrans

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThere has been a considerable debate about the need for stronger policies to restrict the advertizing of tobacco in the U.K. Medical bodies have argued for a complete ban but this has been opposed by tobacco companies and the Advertizing Association on the grounds that advertizing does not raise the level of tobacco consumption but instead only affects brand shares. Empirical studies have been cited by the two opposing sides in support of their positions. In this paper, some of these empirical studies are critically reviewed in order to throw some light on their limitations and the reasons for differences in results. The relevance of these studies in predicting the full consequences of an advertizing ban and other more general issues relating to the Government's policy on advertizing tobacco are also considered. Finally, some alternative advertizing policies available to the Government, and their relationship to an overall policy on tobacco consumption, are discussed.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this occasional series we record the views and experience of a number of people who have specially contributed to the evolution of ideas in the Journal's field of interest.Jorge Mardones, M.D., born in Santiago, Chile, is Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology of the Universidad de Chile. His research focusses on the experimental study of appetite and satiety for alcohol in laboratory animals. He stoned this work some 40 years ago. In 1977 he was awarded his country's National Prize of Sciences.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDrinkers in the general population who exceed the ‘safe limits’ advocated by various experts are undoubtedly at high risk of alcohol‐related harm, yet they contribute only a minority to the total numbers of alcohol casualties, This relationship, the so‐called ‘preventive paradox’ was explored in some detail using different criteria for ‘safe limits’ for total consumption, for frequency of drinking and for maximal daily consumption: two population surveys and a study of special groups noted for high intake were used. The results were in general mutually corroborative, even when different criteria for harm were employed. Certain methodological problems attendant on such analyses were explored. Finally it was shown that the gains from the universal adoption of the conventional ‘safe limits’ within a population would be matched by an across‐the‐board per capita reduction to about 70% of current intake. The implicati

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY