ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive types of question are posed around withdrawal symptoms. (1) The reasons for the fluctuations over time in medical awareness of alcohol's capability to produce withdrawal symptoms. (2) What type of drinking schedules instigate withdrawal experience? (3) Do withdrawal phenomena get worse over time? (4) The ‘addiction memory’ question; and lastly (5) Is withdrawal a reinforcer for drinking behaviour? These issues point to a need for a renascence in the kind of research which is based on clinical observation and on listening to what patients have to tell, with such lines of work brought into much closer contact than before with corresponding laboratory investigat

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper the relationships among suicide rates in Ontario for males, females and the total population, alcohol consumption, and other alcohol‐related problems are examined for the period 1963–1983. Suicide rates, like other alcohol‐related problems, were strongly correlated with per capita consumption over the total period. However, during the recent period of stabilization in consumption (1975–83), the correlations were markedly reduced and substantial differences in trends for males and females were observed. The contribution to these diverging trends of such factors as increased treatment of alcohol abuse, rising unemployment, and reduced use of tranquillizing drugs is di

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper compares trends in alcohol consumption in Spain, Portugal, France and Italy starting from the beginning of the I9SO's and extending until the 1980's and examines the modernization and internationalization of beverage preferences in these countries. The total consumption of alcohol has declined in Spain, France and Italy and the consumption of wine has shown a declining trend in all the countries studied. The traditional beverage, wine, has in Spain, Portugal and Italy been substituted by a new beverage with lower alcohol content, beer. In France the decline in wine consumption has not been substituted by the use of other alcoholic beverages. No noticeable internationalization in beverage preferences has taken place in Spain, Portugal or Italy, whereas imported beverages have gained some ground in France.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA total of 125 male and 145 female students completed a written questionnaire (response rate 68%) on their consumption levels and patterns, problem drinking and vandalism and assaults associated with drinking. Prevalence of heavy drinking was broadly similar to that found in other college student samples in the UK with 25.6% of male students and 14.5% of female students drinking more than their safe limits of 35 and 21 units per week respectively. Six percent of male and one percent of female students exceeded the problem drinking threshold on the MAST. Twenty percent of the male students and 6% of the females admitted having caused at least some damage to property after having been drinking in the past 12 months. Four percent of males and 5% of females admitted ‘minor’ assaults. Fifty percent of males and 36% of females had witnessed damage to property and 19% of males and 10% of females had experienced some kind of assault. Vandalism and assaults were positively and independently associated with higher levels of consumption, reasons for drinking and patterns of drinking; in particular morning drinking appeared to play a role. Taking amount of drinking into account, males were more likely to commit acts of vandalism but females were more likely to commit assaults. The results reveal that alcohol‐related, anti‐social behaviour among students is a significant problem and that, while heavy drinking per se plays a role, other factors are also im

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between drinking and employment was examined in a large, national representative longitudinal sample of young adults in Britain. Teenage drinking did not emerge as a strong influence upon subsequent employment experience: few associations were significant for either sex. However, early employment experiences did appear to be relevant to drinking in young adults, since unemployment of six months or more in total was significantly associated with heavier drinking in men (odds ratio=1.38, CI 1.14–1.64). Respondents ratings of overall job satisfaction were not generally associated with either previous drinking or with that in early adulthoo

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study of 833 employees aimed to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of high‐risk and problem drinking in an industrial population. Variables measured included stressful life events, neuroticism, job satisfaction, years of service, job classification and type of shift. As measured by a 7‐day retrospective diary, 12.5% of the sample were abstainers, 78.7% were light drinkers and 8.8% were high‐risk drinkers. As measured by the Mortimer‐Filkins test of problem drinking, 79.2% were non‐problem drinkers, 15.2% were presumptive problem drinkers and 5.7% were problem drinkers. Variables that best predicted high–risk drinking were marital status, type of shift and education. Variables that best predicted problem drinking were stressful life events, marital status, education and neuroticism. The results indicate the need for a work‐based intervention and provide information to identify at‐risk employees and assist in the design of appropriate treatment programmes, including assistance with social and

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper reports the results of a comparative study conducted in Finland and in Estonia. A representative sample of young couples were interviewed in both countries. Husbands in both countries usually drink more often than their wives and are less dependent on their spouses' drinking company. Wives are more likely to attempt to control their spouses' drinking. Drinking and its control are associated with the emotional relationship between the spouses, and the attempts to control are logically associated with the controlled person's frequency of drinking. The wife's attempts to control the husband's drinking are more a blue collar than a white collar phenomenon. Finnish women and men drink more often than their Estonian counterparts. Maybe as a result of the greater frequency of drinking, drinking in Finland is more family‐oriented than in Estonia. The Estonian culture seems more prone to informal control of the family members' drinking. These differences may be at least partly caused by differing alcohol policy climate in the two countrie

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of family formation and dissolution was examined in relation to alcohol consumption in early adulthood, using longitudinal data from a large representative British sample (the 1958 cohort). In comparison with other potential influences upon drinking, including employment and financial circumstances, social position and psychological wellbeing, the family formation patterns of young adults were most strongly associated with their current drinking. Stability and change in drinking between adolescence and early adulthood were also examined. Results were generally consistent with stable partnerships and family formation exerting a moderating influence on drinking since marriage and parenthood were most prevalent among groups reducing consumption or maintaining the lighter drinking of their teens. Most importantly, partnership breakdown was associated with heavier drinking established at age 16 and increasing consumption between adolescence and early adulthood.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY