ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryProblem‐Behavior Theory is a social‐psychological framework which helps to explain the nature and development of alcohol abuse, drug misuse and other problem behaviors. The aims of this paper are to present a brief overview of the theory, to review some of the research that has been generated and to appraise the usefulness of the theory when applied to drinking and problem drinking among young peo

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn recent years there has been a large increase in the number of theoretical papers and empirical studies which focus upon the cognitive processes involved in addiction. This paper is intended simply to illustrate selected theories and concepts and to highlight some of the avenues of research which are helping to change our models of addiction. The main conceptual framework is that which has come to be known as social learning or cognitive social learning theory but concepts of self awareness, perceptual narrowing and self‐handicapping are also described. Implications for the understanding of craving, loss of control, treatment and relapse are also considere

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper reviews a number of psychological theories of decision‐making and attitude‐behaviour relations that have been applied, or are potentially applicable, to addictive behaviours. The theories discussed (subjective expected utility models, Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action, and the Health Belief Model) are expectancy‐value formulations in which the key concepts are the expectancies or subjective probabilities concerning the outcomes of a given action and the subjective values or utilities attached to those outcomes. Potential criticisms of this approach are considered in the course of reviewing the theories and the research bearing on them. It is concluded that the theories discussed are a rich source of ideas that may be used to further our understanding of addictive behaviours but that their potential has so far been largely untapped. In particular, studies are required that involve experimental manipulation and/or repeated measurement of beliefs and atti

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA progressively smaller response to a drug over repeated administrations defines tolerance. While traditional views of tolerance have assumed that the physiological changes underlying tolerance result simply from past exposure to the drug per se, it has become increasingly apparent that environmental cues present at the time of drug administration contribute to tolerance. The contribution of such drug‐predictive environmental cues has been incorporated in a Pavlovian conditioning model of tolerance. The present paper summarizes data supporting the conditioning analysis of tolerance. The relevance of this analysis for the management of tolerance in clinical settings, and for drug withdrawal symptoms, is discusse

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper presents a new model of alcohol drinking based on the observation that alcohol drinking often occurs following uncontrollable events. The psychological concepts of compensatory opponent process systems and learned helplessness give new insights into the biobehavioral response of organisms to environmental events and how these events can affect alcohol drinking. Finally by integrating these behavioral data with biochemical data which demonstrate that alcohol stimulates endorphin activity, it is proposed that organisms drink alcohol to reduce deficiencies in endorphin activity.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper examines the drug dependence syndrome (DSS) concept as a psychological theory of relapse to alcohol or opiate use following a period of abstinence from these substances. The results of several empirical studies of relapse in alcoholics and opiate users are described. Measures of the alcohol dependence syndrome provided good prediction of reinstatement in alcoholics, but severity of drug dependence did not predict reinstatement as consistently in opiate users. It is concluded that while the DDS concept may have merit as a psychological explanation of reinstatement, it should be subjected to a more rigorous program of research aimed at better operational measures and more intensive hypothesis testing, especially in samples of drug users.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe urge to smoke is by far the most commonly reported subjective response to cigarette withdrawal. It is worse in smokers with higher nicotine intake and can be reduced by a nicotine substitute. Although it may occur at any time during abstinence, it can be increased by stress and boredom and reduced when the smoker is kept occupied. Craving for cigarettes probably has multiple causation arising partly out of the perceived benefits of smoking and negative consequences of not smoking and partly as a direct result of loss of nicotine. Whatever its root causes it would be expected to involve general psychological processes such as associative learning and attribution. This paper draws together the threads of pharmacological and psychological levels of explanation for cigarette craving in an attempt to provide a clearer understanding of this phenomenon.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEfforts to understand the processes of change in psychotherapy have typically been based on either clinicians' experiences or on empirical studies somewhat removed from the day‐to‐day work and concerns of psychotherapists. This paper reviews selected examples of insights and issues derived from each of these sources. It is suggested that our understanding of change processes in psychotherapy will be enhanced by the growing convergence between the two approac

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY