ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe paper describes the development of the early Islamic community and the control of alcoholism within the context of overall socio‐cultural changes. The Islamic approach and the technique of the step‐by‐step methods which were applied to attain acceptance of prohibition are discussed. The origin and use of opium, cannabis, khat and synthetic psychoactive substances in the Islamic World are also reviewed. Finally the role of Islam in the prevention and treatment of drug abuse is out

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLithium has been tried in many psychiatric conditions but its efficacy has been firmly established only in the case of certain affective disorders. Many alcoholics are also clinically depressed and it therefore seems possible that lithium could be of benefit in treating alcoholics who have concurrent affective disturbances; this suggestion is supported by the results of studies so far reported.For the moment however, evidence from long‐term investigations on alcoholics indicate that therapeutic effects of lithium are not simply caused by an alleviation of associated affective disorders, and the role of the mood disturbance in treatment response is not clear. Observations in acute studies suggest a possible mechanism of action, as lithium can attenuate the mood‐elevating effects of alcohol in subjects who abuse drugs or are depressed. Unfortunately many of these clinical reports are uncontrolled and can be criticized on other methodological grounds, and further double‐blind studies which include comparisons with other drug treatments are required.Studies on rodents show that alcohol drinking is often reduced by lithium, but these results must be interpreted cautiously because lithium may produce conditioned aversion to alcohol and such a mechanism of action is unlikely in long‐term studies

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHome Office records were used to trace the current status of a representative sample of 128 of the patients who in 1969 attended London out‐patient Drug Dependence Clinics (DDCs) and received daily prescriptions for heroin. The mean age of the patients at follow‐up was 35.2 years and a mean period of 15.4years had elapsed since they first admitted to using heroin. By July 1979, 49 (38%) were still attending the DDCs and almost half (24 people) of them were still being prescribed heroin, the rest (25 people) receiving methadone only. Nineteen people (15%) had died and 60 (47 %) had stopped attending the DDCs. A comparison with the sample in earlier follow‐ups continued to show an increase in the number of people who had stopped attending the DDCs. Only one of the forty people found to be abstinent at personal follow‐up 1976/77, attended a DDC again in 1979. The extent to which the original intentions of treatment policy have been realized since the setting up of DDCs is di

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryData on the relationship between population average alcohol consumption and the proportion of the population that drinks alcohol is limited. Nevertheless a quite large and statistically significant positive correlation between them is demonstrated with the six data sets presented here. Part of this relationship is probably the result of confounding variables, but evidence is presented that it could also be of a direct cause and effect nature whose directionality could lie both ways. The importance of a direct relationship lies in the possibilities for prevention of alcohol related problems that might derive from a policy of abstention.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper examines a ‘natural experiment’ where sixty brands of low‐priced domestic fortified wines were removed from stock (i.e., delisted). Ten communities where the brands were delisted were compared to a group of 18 where these brands continued to be available. Changes in consumption levels and beverage preference are examined for the ‘delisted’ and ‘available’ outlets in the two groups of communities in the northwestern region. There was little difference between the delisted and non‐delisted group in the overall consumption level although the decline was slightly steeper in the former group. Purchasing of domestic red and rose wines, as well as domestic vodka and Liquor Board alcohol increased in the delisted group. In some instances these wines and spirits may have been used in combination to produce a fortified beverage. Geographic adaption to the restriction was a minor phenomenon in that the increase in consumption of the relevant brands in a non‐listed community was a fraction of the reduction in the comparable sales in an adjacent d

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this article we present the outline of an integrative model of individual drinking behaviour.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe drinking of kava is widespread and frequent among adult men on Tanna, Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides). Effort to prohibit use of kava created a split between the majority of the people and Western missionary and government influences. The story of prohibition reflects different moral and cultural practices coming in conflict. A declining role of Western influence has led to a resolution of the differences in favour of continued kava use.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA critique is presented of a recent Home Office Research Unit review of alcohol distribution theory, and the bearing of the scientific evidence on health policy. The Home Office paper is loaded with errors and mis‐understanding

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1981.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY