ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this review, two forms of alcohol‐related brain damage and their possible pathogenesis are discussed. These are the Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome and alcoholic dementia.There is little doubt that thiamine deficiency is the factor responsible for Wernicke's encephalopathy. However, additional factors might play a role in the development of Korsakoffs psychosis. Many cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy are undiagnosed by clinicians whose awareness of the various manifestations of this disease needs to be increased. Thiamine deficiency may lead to brain damage by blocking the oxidative metabolism of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. There is no definite evidence that marginal thiamine deficiency causes disease. Certain individuals may be especially prone to the effects of thiamine deficiency for genetic reasons.There is clearly a spectrum of mental impairment in alcoholics which cannot be attributed to thiamine deficiency. Some of these abnormalities correlate with the neuroradiological and pathological signs of cerebral atrophy. Mental impairment and atrophy in alcoholics are partly reversible with abstinence. Alcohol itself might be neurotoxic which would explain some of these phenom

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAs an introductory overview of the Relapse Prevention (RP) model, this article briefly describes the conceptual and clinical features of the RP approach to altering excessive or addictive behaviour patterns. In contrast with traditional approaches that overemphasize initial habit change, RP focuses more on the maintenance phase of the habit change process. From this perspective, relapse is not viewed merely as an indicator of treatment failure. Instead, potential and actual episodes are key targets for both proactive and reactive intervention strategies. RP treatment procedures include specific intervention techniques designed to teach the individual to effectively anticipate and cope with potential relapse situations. Also included are more global lifestyle interventions aimed at improving overall coping skills and promoting health and well being. Important questions raised by this relatively recent alternative to traditional approaches are discussed.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper reviews the aims, target audience and content of alcohol education programmes sponsored by trade associations from the beverage alcohol industry. The predominance of programmes promoting the concept of moderation directed towards young people emerges as the most striking single trend. Whilst the relative scarcity of objective evaluations of the effectiveness of alcohol education is lamentable, the author points to the possibility of establishing useful dialogue between health educators and the beverage alcohol industry over the issue of the limits of moderate consumption.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe results of a Principal Components analysis of the Effectiveness of Coping Behaviours Inventory (ECBI) administered to 256 hospitalized alcoholic patients are compared with the results of the Coping Behaviours Inventory (CBI) administered to the same sample and also compared with a reanalysis of data obtained from a different sample 5years ago. The results indicate that the factor structure of the ECBI and CBI are similar. The four factors emerging from the present study, accounting for 59 per cent of the variance were:1. Positive Thinking2. Negative Thinking3. Avoidance/Distraction4. Seeking Social SupportsWhile the scores on the CBI at intake did not discriminate between subsequent relapsers and survivors, the factor scores on the ECBI at intake on ‘Positive Thinking’ and ‘Avoidance/Distraction’ were found to be predictive of subsequent outcome 6 to 12 months later. The clinical implications are discussed in terms of coping strategies for relapse prevention tr

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPsychological, clinical, and CT scanning measures of 100 detoxified male alcoholics and 30 controls are reported. There were statistically significant group differences in psychological and CT scanning measures. However, individual differences in premorbid intelligence accounted for more of the variance in psychological performance than did clinical data (drinking history) or CT scanning measures. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySources of bias in population surveys of alcohol consumption are discussed. The effect of computer interviewing in survey fieldwork is assessed on the basis of a recent population survey in Edinburgh.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrevious population studies of patterns of alcohol consumption have tended to assume that abstainers are a homogeneous group. As part of a Boston‐area probability sample of 5,320 adults, those persons categorized as abstainers were examined on a variety of dimensions.The findings suggest that the abstaining population comprises three groups: lifetime abstainers (58 per cent), current abstainers who have not had a previous drinking problem. (34 per cent) and current abstainers who have had a previous drinking problem (9 per cent). This latter group appears, on a number of social and demographic characteristics, to be similar to persons who are frequent drinkers. The assumption of the homogeneity of the abstaining population is refuted and the results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and methodological implication

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCharacteristics associated with success of problem drinkers in workplace treatment settings remain obscure. The development of interventions in such settings tend to rely on generalizations from non‐workplace treatment settings and untested assumptions. The present study seeks to ascertain the characteristics of success in a workplace setting. A company with an alcohol policy provided records of all individuals referred for treatment over a 4 year period (N = 48). Analysis of the data indicated that older, longer service employees were likely to be more successful in this company. It was also evident that self‐referral was associated with ‘poor’ outcome. The significance of this result is discussed in relation to prognostic factors in the industrial setting and the relevance to future development of industrial alcohol p

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY