ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to analyse some of the effects of the implementation of the Treaty of Rome on the use and abuse of alcohol. The effects of the Commission's internal market and competition policies are to remove barriers to the trade in alcoholic beverages across the Community. One outcome of this process is that competition is increased and prices stabilised or reduced. The process of tax harmonisation policy is also likely to affect prices. We examine the attempts by the Commission, starting in 1972, to harmonise excise duties and we present estimates of the likely effects of this policy on prices. We predict that the most likely option will raise alcohol consumption by reducing the price of wine.Policy decisions are compartmentalised in any bureaucracy. The effects of this in the E.E.C. is that the effects of economic policies on alcohol abuse are, seemingly, ignored. The price of economic integration would appear to be increased social costs from alcohol abuse. Is this the wish of policy makers and citizens?

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrices of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. have declined sharply over the last two decades relative to the overall rate of price inflation, in part because federal alcohol excise taxes have not been increased since 1951. There is strong evidence that an increase in alcohol taxes would reduce the prevalence of chronic heavy drinking; this evidence, summarized here, is based on an analysis of the effect of changes in state liquor taxes rates on cirrhosis mortality. Thus alcohol taxation is an effective public health policy investment. Alcohol taxes are also fairly well targeted, in the sense that a large fraction of tax revenues are collected from those whose alcohol consumption level places them at risk for health problems and other alcohol‐related problem

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCardiovascular damage associated with alcohol abuse is predominantly seen with persistent heavy drinking. Occasionally nutritional deficiencies or congeners in alcoholic beverages may cause cardiac disease. Alcohol use is associated with other changes in lifestyle, especially smoking, which may also contribute to the associations between heavy drinking and cardiovascular disease. Alcohol excess is associated with hypertension, heart muscle disease and arrhythmias. Moderate drinking may reduce cardiovascular mortality compared to heavy drinking or abstension, but this is still controversial. Consumption of small amounts of alcohol in patients with angina causes temporary impairment of heart function. Diagnostic awareness of alcohol excess in cardiovascular disease needs to be increased and improvements in screening may be of assistance. The foetal alcohol syndrome includes cardiac malformations and requires greater efforts in prevention.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis article critically reviews the literature from statistical attempts to derive empirical classifications of alcohol and drug abuse. Consideration is given to the search for discrete subtypes using cluster analysis, as well as to attempts to identify major dimensions along which individuals are ordered using factor analysis. Several important conclusions are drawn. First, this research is at an early stage of development and refinements are needed in methodology before it is likely to have broad impact. Next, only limited content areas have been examined to date. For instance, the clustering research on alcoholism has curiously avoided a direct focus on alcohol use patterns, but instead has predominantly studied personality variables. Moreover, the empirical research has not been well integrated with either theory or clinical practice. Although statistical methods have not been instrumental for the identification of new syndromes, these techniques do provide a powerful technology for refining provisional syndromes as well as for making diagnoses more objective and reliable.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThere is a very general question as to the extend to which social science research ever achieves its follow‐through to social action. This problem is illustrated by a particular case example relating to research on Detoxication Centres in Ontari

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study, alcoholic subjects were divided as to their degree of dependence by an independent rater and were given a questionnaire designed to elicit information on which a variety of cues influenced drinking behaviour. Overall, the study supported other findings in suggesting that ‐high arousal states symptomatic of withdrawal and negative mood states were seen by those suffering from alcohol dependence as important and influential situations. The severely dependent group not only endorsed withdrawal items more, as would be expected, but also those items suggesting a priming effect and loss of control phenonem

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA questionnaire consisting of nine questions about drinking habits was used in a preventive programme for middle‐aged males in Malmo. With a cut‐off point of two yes‐answers to the questions, 66% of a group of heavy drinkers, 73 % of all registered alcoholics and 90% of not previously identified alcoholics were identified. Serum γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), used as an indicator of heavy alcohol consumption in the screening, was a poor instrument for the detection of alcoholism in the same population, assigning correctly only 35%. In combination, the two tests identified 82% of all registered alcoholics, and 97% of the alcoholics who were registered in the period following the screening investigation. Thus Mm‐MAST is a useful screening test for alcoholism in medical screening examinations and may successfully be used in combination with biochem

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1982.tb02459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY