ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03904.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDrug addiction started to become a serious problem in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) around 1970. The number of heavy users of illicit drugs, predominantly young people and mainly opiate dependants, increased continually up to the years 1979–80 to an estimated 50,000 people. Since then it has stayed at that plateau. Today there is a strong trend towards polydrug abuse including legal drugs and alcohol. The abuse of cocaine shows an increase, especially among first users of ‘hard’ illicit drugs. At present the most threatening problem is the development of the disease Aids: at least a third of those intravenous drug abusers who underwent the test are HIV positive. The treatment system for drug abusers is predominantly psychosocially orientated and does not include substitute (methadone) programmes. Today there are 580 out‐patient and 154 residential drug treatment centres in the FRG. Outcome evaluation studies of the current treatment approach show that about 25 to 35% of the drug addicts are abstaining. The new Narcotics Law of 1982 with its outstanding principle of ‘therapy instead of punishment’ still causes considerable problems in practice. The experience that treatment programmes alone cannot solve the drug problem has led to a large extension of drug abuse prevention during the last years. However, without changes in the organization of research and more participation and research orientation of practitioners we cannot expect mark

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUntil very recently, a paucity of research and theory on adult development has existed in the areas of personality and psychosocial development in general and, more specifically, in the area of alcohol abuse and its etiology. A review of the literature in these two areas of human behavior is discussed, outlining the parallels which concern this emergent focus upon the developmental periods of adulthood and alcohol addiction. Clinical implications are outlined with particular consideration given to alcohol treatment. In addition, conclusions are drawn which have significance for the future of theory, research, and practice in this area.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper reviews existing empirical evidence on the possible influence of a wide range of psychotropic substances on driving ability. Substances which are considered include alcohol; antidepressants; sedatives and hypnotics; stimulants; opiates; cannabis; anaesthetics. Data are much richer in some of these areas than others. Different research approaches are outlined. Legislative, medico‐legal and prevention aspects are briefly note

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper reviews the evidence for the harmful effects on the baby of caffeine use in pregnancy. There is relatively little research in this area and existing studies provide incomplete and conflicting evidence. Many of the studies are difficult to interpret due to methodological flaws. The two most carefully designed studies, however, do indicate an association with both spontaneous abonion and low birthweight. On this basis, women probably should be advised to limit their caffeine consumption during pregnancy.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03908.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe paper presents an evaluation of the stability and consistency of self‐reported adolescent drug use. The data were collected from 1900 high‐school students. Analyses included estimates of alternate forms reliability, non‐response rates, logical consistency in the responses, test‐retest reliability as well as estimates of exaggerated reports. The findings indicate a high rate of stability in self‐reporting of substance use, both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. These results are in agreement with other studies of self‐reported drug use and suggest that questionnaire may provide highly reliable data

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb03909.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY