ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis lecture reviews the experiences of the author over some 30 years of work in the field of drug misuse at local, national and international levels. Attention is drawn to the situation existing in the late 1960's when the Dangerous Drugs Act 1967 came into force. The thinking behind the then new approach is reviewed. Developments since 1968 are reviewed and in particular the work of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs is highlighted in that it has produced important reports which have been accepted by government and on which published government policies have been based. The creation of the Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence and the Standing Conference on Drug Abuse is noted. Nevertheless, grave anxiety is expressed that because of problems in financing, problems of co‐ordination, problems of setting up evaluation and the paucity of experts in this field the situation may arise that in 20 years’ time the urgent and present need for evaluation has not been met and clinical practice remains personal and idiosyncratic. The new factors of AIDS and ‘designer drugs’ are referred to and the presence at any one time of a large handicapped population of drug misusers who do not accept treatment but require basic health care in society is s

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThere is clear evidence from countries where heavy use of cannabis is common, that it can cause a short‐lived, toxic psychosis characterized by confusion, delusions, hallucinations and emotional lability. This clinical experience is supported by laboratory experiments showing that, A‐P tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most active constituent of cannabis, has dose‐related psychotomimetic effects. Evidence that cannabis causes a functional, paranoid psychosis or a chronic psychosis that persists after drug use ceases, is much less convincing although regular, heavy users may suffer repeated short episodes of psychosis and effectively maintain themselves in a chronic psychotic condition. Prolonged effects such as flashbacks and depersonalization may occur because cannabis and its metabolites are eliminated only very slowly from the body. Reports of such consequences, at present often dismissed as anecdotal, therefore, warrant careful attention and ana

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRecent developments in international classifications of alcohol and drug‐related problems have stressed the distinction between a dependence syndrome and various drug‐related disabilities. Although considerable research has supported the concept of an alcohol dependence syndrome, little empirical work has been conducted to date with other psychoactive substances. The present study evaluated whether a dependence syndrome could be identified among a clinical sample of 105 narcotic users who had completed the drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST). A factor analysis of the 20 DAST items revealed a dependence factor characterized by an inability to slop drug use, problems in getting through the week without drugs, and withdrawal symptoms when drug use stopped. In addition, four other factors were identified reflecting social problems, medical problems, polydrug abuse and previous treatment. The dependence factor was most strongly correlated with recent use (past 60 days) of narcotics, and was not correlated with age, sex or social sta

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe application of a dimensional concept of dependence which has received much attention over recent years in relation to alcohol, is explored here in relation to opiate dependence. A Severity of Opiate Dependence Questionnaire (SODQ) was completed by 98 subjects attending a New York drug treatment clinic. The factor structure of this questionnaire was explored and a strong first factor (39% of variance) identified which loaded on items conceptually related to a dimensional opiate dependence syndrome. Some preliminary investigation was made of issues relating to validity: SODQ correlated significantly with ‘number affixes a day’ and with a subjective measure of dependence (OSDQ), but not with quantity of heroin used or milestones in drug career. Research leads are discus

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryForty‐six clients of a clinical psychology service were assigned, in accordance with a three‐step design which involved a random element, to abstinence (ABST) or controlled drinking (CD), and were followed up to 12 months after initial assessment. No support was found for the dependence hypothesis: those with higher levels of dependence/severity assigned to CD and those with lower levels assigned to ABST were just as likely as other clients to do well, and there was no relationship between level of dependence/severity and the type of drinking outcome (ABST or CD). There was tentative support for the hypothesis that experience in the follow‐up year would be related to initial beliefs and preferences, although these were not independent of treatment type. The present report is not able to comment on the prediction of outcome in the longer

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY