ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe Center for Research on the Etiology and Treatment of Alcohol Dependence is dedicated to the systematic examination of the nature, development, and clinical management of alcohol use disorders. The Center is organized around an integrated network of three basic science laboratories (Neurobiology, Neurodynamics, and Psychophysiology) and one treatment evaluation laboratory that incorporates basic science methods and concepts into its program. This paper describes the organization, programs and mission of the Center. It also discusses the conditions under which interdisciplinary collaborative research is likely to flourish.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this occasional series we record the views and experience of a number of people who have specially contributed to the evolution of ideas in the Journal's field of interest. George Pequignot has conducted highly important epidemiological research on the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related pathologie

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper is written for the public health official of a city, state, county, municipality or other political entity faced with a heroin addiction problem which calls for a policy response. It identifies countries, cities or states which have a substantial experience with methadone. In some instances. New York City, for example, this experience spans more than 20 years and in others a much shorter period of time1. The paper also describes the current dilemmas in the field and the new significance and urgency given to the problem of heroin addiction treatment by the spread of AIDS2. The aim of the paper is to give the reader a profile of what can be accomplished with methadone and what problems one may expect. Finally, it refers the reader to the considerable literature on the clinical use of methadone in maintenance and detoxification.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA series of drinking practices surveys spanning an extended period of uninterrupted alcohol sales growth in Iowa revealed that while per capita alcohol sales were doubling, and the prevalence of drinkers increased 27%, heavy drinker prevalence failed to increase, and a majority of seven survey indicators of problem drinking trended up. The findings have implications for the integrity of the distribution of consumption prevention model.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1984 U.S. survey data on alcohol consumption are compared to similar data from a 1964 survey and to a series of surveys taken between 1971 and 1981. This creates a wider set of trend comparisons than was available in a previous analysis, but does so at the cost of compromising comparability. Although most results indicate stability in drinking patterns, some results suggest that the prevalence of heavy drinking has increased among men. Among men and women, increases are more apparent among those aged 21‐34years than among other age group

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00468.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo study the incidence and profile of alcoholic liver disease in dependant alcoholics, 56 patients, 31 with moderate and 25 with severe dependence on alcohol, were assessed by a severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire. All the patients were males. Forty‐five (80.4%) dependant alcoholics were found to have alcoholic liver disease, diagnosed either by abnormal biochemical tests (78.6%) or when available, specific histological lesions (87.8%). Of the 49 (87.5%) patients in whom liver biopsy could be obtained, fatty liver was seen in 17 (34.7%), hepatitis in 22 (44.9%) and cirrhosis in four (8.2%) patients. Liver biopsy was normal in the remaining six (12.2%) patients. Symptoms suggestive of alcoholic liver disease were however, observed in only 18.6% patients. No significant difference was seen in the nature and severity of biochemical and histological liver injury between patients with moderate or severe dependence on alcohol.It can be concluded that significant hepatic abnormalities exist in a high percentage of dependant alcoholics in India. Increased awareness and institution of measures for early screening of these patients for the presence of underlying liver disease are warrante

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study looks at similarities and differences between four groups of problem drinkers. The subjects were 143 men and 39 women, inpatients of an alcoholism treatment clinic; and 84 male and 51 female participants in an outpatient treatment research project at The National Institute of Alcohol Research in Oslo, Norway. The latter were recruited by newspaper advertisements. The results showed that the outpatients when entering the study, were in a better socio‐economic situation, were better educated and had higher job status than the inpatients. The outpatients had a lower alcohol consumption, a less severe drinking pattern, and had fewer alcohol‐related treatment experiences. The differences between subjects seemed to be more pronounced for the women. However, the length of problem drinking and the age of the subjects were the same for inpatients and outpatients. The outpatients did not appear to be early problem drinkers, but may have been recruited from a different segment of the population of problem drinkers, namely with more moderate drinking problems. This finding may have therapeutic and prognostic significa

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySome aspects of the dietary habits of smokers and non‐smokers have been compared in a random sample of 9003 British adults. Comparisons were made of those consuming breakfast with those not taking breakfast, of those usually eating ‘brown’ with those usually eating white bread, of those ‘frequently’ with those ‘infrequently’ eating fresh fruit and of those ‘frequently’ with those ‘infrequently’ eating fried foods. Smokers were less likely to eat breakfast (p<0.001), ‘brown’ bread (p<0.001), and fresh fruit ‘frequently’ (p<0.001) and more likely to consume fried foods ‘frequently’ (p<0.001). Smoking remained a highly significant predictor of dietary habits even after the effects of social class, age and sex had been accounted for. Dietary habits were related to the amount smoked with the heavy smokers (more than 15 cigarettes per day) less likely than the light smokers to eat breakfast or ‘brown’ bread and consume fresh fruit ‘fr

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY