ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAetiological theories of drug use are briefly reviewed. It is concluded that many complex factors appear to give rise to drug use in general and to drug dependence in particular. Illegal drug use is sometimes attributable to profound social conditions, ideologies, deprivation of psychological disposition. Such factors may, by their nature, be resistant to traditional methods of health education. It is suggested that future policy might be more successful if aimed at ‘high risk’ groups and based upon a more realistic assessment of the causes of drug

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe notion of an alcohol dependence syndrome proposed by Edwards and his colleagues [1, 4, 5] has recently been criticised by Shaw [2]. He argues that the syndrome idea emerged from the ashes of a simple disease model in order to keep medical men in business. It is based upon a socio‐political need rather than objective evidence.Shaw's criticisms are discussed in the light of recent data which show that assessments of degree of dependence, based upon the provisional description given by Edwards and Gross [1], have proven predictive validity. Failure to achieve a controlled drinking goal as well as the priming effect of alcohol appear to be, to some extent, a function of dependence severity. It follows that an assessment of degree of dependence should be useful to both the research worker and the clinicia

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe elements of the provisional description of the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome were operationalised into a structured interview given to 109 men attending an alcoholism treatment unit. A single underlying dimension could not be demonstrated. The main dimension comprised Subjective Need, Withdrawal, and aspects of Salience. Narrowing of Repertoire and Impaired Control formed separate dimensions.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlcohol consumption increased 2.2‐fold in Finland in 1968‐1974. Have alcohol‐related diseases become at the same time more common? This was studied by scrutinizing hospitalizations with alcoholism, alcohol psychosis, alcohol poisoning, liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis as the principal diagnosis. During the years 1969–1975, the male admission rate for alcohol psychosis increased 2.1‐fold, the rate for pancreatitis increased 2‐fold, that for alcoholism increased 1.7‐fold and that for liver cirrhosis increased 1.2‐fold. At the same time, the increases in female admission rates were 2.4‐fold for alcoholism, 2.3‐fold for alcohol psychosis, 1.9‐fold for alcohol poisoning and 1.4‐foldfor pancreatitis. The increase in admission rates seemed to be closely associated with the increase

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of restrictions of alcohol advertisements in Manitoba, Canada and in the United States are examined using statistical data on alcohol consumption. The relationships between consumption and alcoholism rates for the U.S. and advertising regulations were very weak and not statistically significant. Subsequent to a restriction on beer advertising in Manitoba, beer consumption in that province rose at a similar rate as in a control province of Alberta. It is considered unlikely that restrictions on advertising will reduce consumption.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlthough many workers have speculated about the nature of parental drinking models upon the development of attitudes towards, and knowledge of, alcoholic drink amongst children, there has until recently been no systematic study of these precise issues. In the present study, parents' own self‐reported alcohol consumption was compared with children's knowledge of specific drinks and normative usage patterns. Whilst developmental trends were discerned in the results, most of the children made correct discriminations overall, very few scoring zero or negative (reversed) discrimination scores. Exhaustive examination of the data failed to reveal any consistent pattern of relationships between children's knowledge and the drinking model provided by their own parents. Precisely the same result was obtained from a similar study carried out by Penrose [5] in the U.S.A., One can therefore have some confidence in the negative finding, which has important implications for health educatio

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeveral previous studies have reported personality differences between addicts and normal subjects. In the present investigation, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to 221 addicts at three London treatment centres, and to 310 normal subjects. An item analysis showed that a large number of items discriminated between the two groups. An ‘Addiction Scale’ was constructed from the 32 items on which the groups differed most, (all at p<0.001). Most of the A‐Scale items were drawn from the Neuroticism Scale and identified feelings of anxiety and depression. It is suggested that this neurotic component may be artificially inflated. Addicts may have learned to present neurotic problems through such symptoms being rewarded in therapeutic institutions. The neurotic component seems to play a lesser role in distinguishing female addicts from controls. These and other findings are disc

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOver the six‐month period following discharge from a detoxication centre, one‐fifth of the 98 women studied were arrested, one‐fifth were readmitted to the detoxication centre, one‐quarter were admitted to outpatient programmes and over one‐quarter entered residential treatment. The results are discussed in relation to previously reported follow‐up findings on male detoxicatio

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1980.tb01385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY