ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe goals of the NIAAA Intramural Research Program are to understand the mechanisms by which alcohol produces intoxication, addiction, and damage to vital body organs and to develop clinical tools for prevention and treatment of those biochemical and behavioral anomalies. The unique combination of clinical and basic research facilities that is available to the Intramural Program allows these goals to be approached through a co‐ordinated interaction between clinical observations and basic laboratory finding

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis article examines a strategy for implementing alcohol policies at the community level through social marketing considerations. With the discussion surrounding the implementation of alcohol control policies intensifying, practitioners will find this information useful in developing ways to effectively place the issue on legislators’ agenda, involve desired target groups and mobilize public suppor

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt is generally believed that the prevalence of drug misuse, and especially of opioid misuse, is increasing. The prevalence of heroin misuse in Oxford City was estimated accurately in 1969 using a detailed multi‐agency enumeration method, and it was therefore possible to repeat this procedure to obtain an estimate of the current prevalence, and hence a longitudinal view of the problem. In one year 246 heroin users were identified, giving an overall 12‐month period prevalence rate of 3.7 per thousand in the age range 15–49 years. This finding suggests that the prevalence of heroin misuse in Oxford City is little different from that of

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRecent studies have noted significant regional changes in American patterns of alcohol use. The present paper discusses regional differences in drinking patterns, problems, attitudes, and contexts as these have emerged along with the ‘wettening’ of the previously drier Southern and Mountain states. Data come from a 1984 national survey. Results indicate the persistence of regional differences in abstention rates and in apparent consumption levels when calculated on a per‐drinker basis. The higher per‐drinker apparent consumption levels in the historically drier regions are accompanied by higher levels of problems in the categories of belligerence, accidents, and trouble‐with‐the‐police. These differences in problem rates, however, are apparent only among men, indicating an interplay between gender and region. Attitude measures do not show notable regional differences, which indicates unresolved tensions, in the drier regions, between relatively high (per drinker) consumption and relatively conservative drinking attitudes. Contextual evidence indicates that the limitation of public drinking opportunities in the drier regions is accompanied by more drinkin

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe links between drug taking and crime are examined in terms of three main questions: to what extent does drug use lead to crime, to what extent does crime lead to drug use, and to what extent does crime and drug use emerge from a common set of circumstances? The results give little to support the two propositions but much to support the third if it is defined in terms of the drug users position on and contact with the illicit supply system. Data is presented to show that the drug users relationship to that illicit supply system account for much current crime.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study investigated alcohol consumption during pregnancy and its relationships with socio‐economic, psychological and behavioural factors in 1463 women. Information about alcohol consumption in the preceding 7 days was obtained by structured interview at booking, 28 and 36 weeks gestation. The prevalence of current drinking was about 50% at each interview. Combining the three interviews, the cumulative prevalence of drinking was 71%. Six per cent reported drinking l00g/wk or more at at least one interview, a level of consumption which has been reported to be associated with adverse foetal outcome. Higher proportions of drinkers than non‐drinkers were married, better educated, of higher social class and financial status. These factors were also associated with higher levels of consumption amongst those who drank. There was little evidence of an association between drinking and psychiatric state. Smoking was not associated with drinking status but was strongly related to the amount drunk by drinkers. Cluster analysis of heavier drinkers indicated the presence of a small sub‐group of socially disadvantaged women. These findings carry implications for both prevention and perinatal epidemi

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeveral individual level studies suggest that heavy drinking is a risk factor with regard to suicide. At the aggregate level we should thus expect a relationship between the suicide rate and the prevalence of heavy drinking (as measured by per capita consumption of alcohol). To test this hypothesis, time series data far Denmark (1931–80), Finland (1932–80), Norway (1931–80) and Sweden (1922–49, 1950–70) was analysed. It was expected that the relationship between alcohol and suicide would be contingent on characteristics of the drinking culture. More specifically, it was thought that the relationship would be strongest in Finland, with its more explosive drinking practice, weakest in Denmark due to its more continental drinking patterns, and with Sweden and Norway in between. The results show that the relationship is statistically significant in the two latter countries only. Some methodological problems that should be considered when interpreting the findings are discussed in the fina

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb02574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY