ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe reasons as to why individuals engage in substance abuse remain varied and in most instances multiple. Drug‐taking adults commonly refer to childhood and adolescence as the time when they first tried drugs. Preventing substance abuse among the young has constantly proved to be a trying task. Although drug education is still in abundant use, it proved to be of very little effect, but there are certain areas that hold some promise. This paper examines the influence of peer group on initiating and maintaining drug‐taking behaviour among the young and looks at the possibility of a positive use of such influe

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOne hundred and fifty‐two attenders at an alcohol problems clinic were randomly allocated to one session of advice or extended in or outpatient treatment. Two years later, the group who were offered extended treatment were functioning better, in that over the year prior to the independently conducted follow‐up interview they had accumulated less harm from their drinking than those only treated briefly. Abstinence was not, however, more common in patients offered extended treatment. In the group of 94 patients given advice only, no advantage in amplifying the session of advice could be demonstra

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAftercare contributes to improved drinking outcome, yet maintenance has been overlooked as a point for intervention. This project evaluated the effect of cognitive‐behavioural relapse prevention (RP) and interpersonal process (IP) aftercare groups for recently hospitalized alcoholics, consisting of eight weekly 90 min sessions delivered by three co‐therapy teams conducting one group in each condition. Six cohorts of patients were assigned to conditions (N=39) and assessed at pretreatment, post‐treatment, and 6 month follow‐up. RP and IP resulted in comparable improvement/outcome on alcohol consumption, alcohol‐related impairment, cognitive coping, drinking days, time to first drink, abstinence, and aftercare attendance. In secondary analyses, improvement on temptation was attributed to RP, on behavioural coping to IP, and effects on self‐efficacy appeared marginally related to greater short term improvement for RP. The lack of differential outcome is discussed with respect to inadequate power, possible ceiling effects in outcome, the brevity of the follow‐up period, and the possibility that treatments may have been more similar in implementation than intended. Suggestions for improving aftercare and relapse prevention research

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNine female and nine male social beer drinkers aged 21–28 years participated in a beer discrimination study. Each participant consumed nine glasses of beer. All participants received three glasses of each of Swan Lager (5.0% V/V), Swan Gold (3.7% V/V) and Swan Special Light (0.9% V/V) in counterbalanced order. Participants were required to identify each glass of beer by brand name—first after one mouthful and again after consuming the whole glass. Results indicated that participants were identifying the beers at chance levels only on the first taste measure. On the second taste measure performance exceeded chance expectation but this was due to the respondents having a response bias towards Lager. There were no sex differences in performance, nor did amount of beer usually consumed have any effect on number of correct identifications. Rising blood alcohol levels/satiation did not have any significant effects on identification performance over the nine trials, nor were there any significant differences in number of correct identifications for each of the three different types of beer over the first and second taste measu

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe reliability and validity of a naloxone rating scale (CINA) for assessing opioid dependence were studied in 75 opiate‐abusing patients. Patients received 0.4 mg naloxone IV, and the naloxone‐precipitated withdrawal effects were systematically measured at three five minute intervals using the 13‐item CINA scale. The reliability coefficient alpha of the total withdrawal score was 0.81. The item scores and total score were correlated well except for nasal congestion, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. The inter‐rater reliability of the total scores for the two raters was 0.93. The final methadone dose used in the treatment of individual patients was regressed on the CINA score. The simple regression equation was: METHADONE DOSE=11.2+ 0.72 CINA SCORE. This equation accounted for 69% of the variance of the final dose. By including a quadratic term, the prediction of the final methadone dose was improved by 3% (or a total of 72% of the variance); the regression equation was: METHADONE DOSE=4.36+1.26 CINA SCORE—0.01 CINA SCORE.2The relatively large correlation (above 0.83) between CINA and the final methadone dose may be taken as an indication of the validity of the C

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY