摘要:

The main objective of this study was to ascertain effects of some edaphic factors on the uptake and influence of Ni on plant growth sinee Ni is a common trace element contaminant as well as an important component of serpentine soils. Corn (Zea maysL. inbred Ys1/Ys1) was rown in Yolo loam soil amended to give soil pH values of 4.2, 5.6, 7.5, and 8.2. A level of 100μgNi/g soil was not toxic to the corn. Shoot concentrations of Ni increased as soil pH decreased for both application rates of Ni. A level of 250μgNi/g soil decreased yields more at soil pH below 7 than above 7. Iron, Zn, and Mn levels in shoots did not appear to be directly related to the Ni applications although Fe levels tended to increase as a result of smaller plant size. PI54619–5–1 soybeans (Glycine maxL. ) were grown in soil at two different pH values (with and without CaCO3) and with and without a level of 1000 μg Ni/g added as the sulfate and thoroughly mixed with the soil and equilibrated for 1 month prior to transplanting the soybeans with and without application of a chelating agent, DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid), commonly used to correct Fe deficiency in plants. Plants were killed in the soil of pH 6.2 when the 1000μgNi/g soil was added. The pH 7.2 soil decreased the toxicity of Ni. The DTPA had little effect on yields, but increased the amount of Ni in plants. Nickel decreased the Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations of the plants. Stems contained less Ni than did leaves. In another experiment, EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetate) greatly increased Ni concentrations in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. C.V. Improved Tendergreen) and in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.C.V. Atlas 57) grown in Yolo loam soil, and simultaneously increased Fe concentrations. Lime (CaCO3or MgCO3) decreased toxicity of Ni in bush beans. DTPA increased Ni transport in bush beans and increased the ratio of Ni in leaves to that in stems at soil pH 7.5 and 8.2, but not at pH 4.0 and 5.8.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366770

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cadmium in solution culture at 10‐4Mdecreased Mn concentrations in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. C.V. Improved Tendergreen) at both low and high concentrations of Mn (noncompetitive inhibition). When Mn was decreased, the concentrations of Fe and several other ions were simultaneously increased, particularly in leaves and roots. Toxicity due to the 10‐6MCd and the 10‐4MMn was additive in the experiment. When barley (Hordeum vulgareL. Atlas57)was grown in amended soil, 15μg Fe as DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) per g soil resulted in increased uptake of Cd and in somewhat greater yield depression for soil pH of 3.9, 6. 0, and 7.6. Acidification of soil without DTPA also increased Cd uptake to high levels with associated yield decrease. The Cd decreased the uptake of Mn and Cu most when CaCO3had also been added to the soil. When salts were added to soil with Cd before bush beans were grown, KCl (200μgK/g soil), and equivalent KH2PO4increased Cd concentrations of leaves while CaSO4and KCl did so for roots. In bush beans with different levels of Cd and Zn, there were no yield interactions, but some interactions of Cd on Zn concentrations in leaves, stems, and roots at the high Zn level.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366771

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The toxicity of Li to three plant species was studied to determine if there were interactions with other elements and to determine if a chelating agent modified Li toxicity. Bush beans (Phaseolus vulgarls L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen), grown in solution culture, were sensitive to 0.5 X10‐3Li which resulted in 10 μg/g in leaves, 48 in stems, and 24 in roots. Higher concentrations of Li produced marked reductions in plant yield accompanied by increased Li concentrations in leaf, stem, and root tissues. For most treatments, root concentrations of Li were lower than those in shoots, but those in stems were higher than those in leaves. Higher levels of Li decreased Zn in leaves, increased Ca in stems, and generally increased Fe and Mn in all plant tissues. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) resulted in slightly increased Ii levels in leaves, stems, and roots. Bush bean plants were injured slightly with 25 μg Li/g of Yolo loam soil applied as LiCl; 50 μg Li/g soil caused more severe injury. Leaf concentrations of about 200 μg Li/g resulted in significant yield reduction and around 600 μg//g of leaves resulted in severe toxicity. There were some interactions of Li with other elements which resulted in an increase of them in both leaf and stem tissues. Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. C.V. Atlas 57) were severely stunted when grown with 500 and 1000 μg Li/g soil as Li oxalate. Increasing the soil pH even further with lime and decreasing it with S had no influence on the toxicity. Shoot concentrations of Li ranged from 800 to over 2000 in the various treatments resulting in severe disruption of the Ca and K balance. Leaf concentrations of Li were higher than those for stems in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. C.V. Acala 442). Cotton was tolerant of a leaf concentration of 587 μg Li/g. High levels of Li increased concentrations of several elements in cotton leaves and in stems. Cotton leaves accumulated more Li than did bush beans.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366772

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Plants were grown in solution culture with different levels of Ca to further evaluate Ca relationships to trace metal uptake and to toxicity of trace metals. When tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentumL., Tropic) were grown at a low level of Ca, the Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, and Ti concentrations of leaves, stems, and roots were considerably increased. The use of an excess of CaCO3which increased pH did not influence the trace metal concentrations of plants any more than did Ca++. In a factorial experiment with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. C.V. Improved Tendergreen) with Ca (10‐4,10‐2, 10‐2N) and Ni (0, 2 × 10‐6M, 2 X10‐5M), Ni phytotoxicity and Ni uptake were decreased somewhat at the highest Ca level. High Ni tended to decrease the Ca concentration in leaves. High Ca and Ni both tended to decrease Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in leaves. The Ni had some interactions on the P concentrations of shoots.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366773

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bush beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. C. V. Improved Tendergreen) plants were grown in solution culture and in soil with different levels of Fe and Ni to determine more precisely if Fe would overcome part of the phytotoxicity caused by Ni. In solution culture, a high level of Fe improved growth of plants in the presence of 2.5 × 10‐5MNi, but not with 5 × 10‐5MNi. The 2.5 × 10‐5MNi decreased Fe concentrations in leaves, but not in other plant parts. The 5 × 10‐5MNi also decreased Fe concentrations in leaves relative to the controls although they were increased relative to those for 2.5 × 10‐5MNi. The high Fe levels did not decrease Ni concentrations in plant parts. In soil Fe chelate improved plant growth at 50 and 100 μg Ni/g soil, but not at higher levels of Ni. The Fe did not depress Ni concentrations in leaves and Ni had no effect on Fe concentrations.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366774

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Earlirose rice (Oryza sativaL. ) and Hawkeye soybeans (Glycine maxL.) were grown in solution culture with A12(SO4)3in concentrations of 0, 10‐6, 10‐5, 10‐4, 10‐3M. Only at 10‐4(slightly) and at 10‐3Mwere there yield depressions due to Al. The threshold concentration of Al for toxicity was about 20 μg/g in rice shoots and about 30μg/gin soybean leaves. The solution level necessary for these concentrations was 8μgAl/ml. Plant concentrations which caused severe toxicity were 70 μg Al/g plant with 81 μg Al/ml solution. Most Al remained in roots, but leaves contained more than did stems of soybeans. The high Al decreased Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations in shoots of rice and decreased Fe, Cu, and Zn in roots of rice. The high Al resulted in decreased Fe and Zn in leaves of soybeans. No Fe deficiency symptoms were present due to the high Al.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366775

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Ba in plants necessary to cause yield depressions. Barium levels of about 2%in bush bean leaves and 1% in barley leaves decreased yields considerably. The levels were obtained after application of 2000μgBa per g of soil as Ba(NO3)2with equivalent nitrate added in controls.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366776

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lvcium andersoniiA. Gray is an accumulator of Li. Assays were made of 200 samples of it collected from six different locations within the Northern Mojave Desert. Mean concentrations of Li varied from location to location and tended not to follow logenormal distribution, and to follow a normal distribution only poorly. There was some negative skewness tp the logedistribution which did exist. The results imply that the variation in accumulation of Li depends upon native supply of Li. Possibly the Li supply and the ability ofL. andersoniiplants to accumulate it are both logenormally distributed. The mean leaf concentration of Li in all locations was 29 μg/g, but the maximum was 166μg/g.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366777

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Plants grown in water from an ash‐settling pond at a coal‐burning power generating plant near Moapa, Nevada, those grown in a glasshouse in soil to which ash collected from the plant had been added, and native plants growing around the ash ponds at the plant site all had elevated B concentrations.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366778

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The tolerance of rice (Oryza sativaL. C.V. Earlirose) to various trace metal excesses was tested to determine if high levels of the trace metals found in some field‐grown plants were at toxicity levels. In one experiment, levels of 2200 μg Zn/g dry weight, 44 μg Cu/g dry weight, 4400 μg Mn/g dry weight, and 32 μg Pb/g dry weight in shoots of young plants had no adverse effects on vegetative yields. A level of 3160μgZn/ g dry weight decreased yields about 40% (P = . 05). In another test 51 μg Cu/g dry weight or 94 μg Pb/g dry weight did not decrease vegetative yields. Boron supplied at 10‐3MH3BO3not only caused no toxicity but resulted in only 144μgB/g dry weight in shoots. Root levels of Zn were about equal to those in shoots; Mn levels were lower in roots than in shoots (1/4 to 1/10); B levels were generally low in both shoots and roots with roots 1/10 that of shoots; Cu levels were higher in roots than in shoots. Rice was tolerant of a high level of Cr. The tolerance of rice to high levels of some trace metals in these experiments may be related to high P levels in plants.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627709366779

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor