摘要:

Calcium concentrations in bulked samples of randomly selected apples from field trials are dependent on orchard environment and management in addition to nutrition. Concentrations in individuals within each sample vary widely and adequate numbers of fruit must be analysed to detect the relatively small changes in mean concentrations induced by orchard treatments.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366894

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of climate, soil, management, fertilization, rootstocks, and cultivars on calcium concentration in the leaves were investigated in long term experiments in southern, central or eastern Poland. The concentration of Ca in the leaves of apple trees on heavier soil with higher rainfall was higher than on sandy soil and dry climate. McIntosh/M 11 showed a higher level of Ca in the leaves than on Antonovka seedlings, while in the cv. Schatenmorelle sour cherry the effect of rootstock was negligible. There was a definite influence of cultivar in the same fertilizer treatments on Ca accumulation in the leaves. Cultivar Bancroft always showed the lowest level of Ca in comparison with Mclntosh and Jonathan. Higher doses of fertilizers usually lowered the level of Ca in the leaves of younger apple trees (Nowa Wies), but not in the old trees (Dabrowice). The accumulation of Ca in the leaves of apple trees was not affected by the type of orchard soil management, clean cultivation, or sod.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366895

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Seven foliar applications supplying 13.4 kg/ha CaCl2biweekly increased surface flesh Ca by 44 ppm Oct 10. Scenescent breakdown of fruit after 100 days regular storage was reduced from 13 to 1%; scald (24 hrs, 23°C) was reduced from 32 to 4%. Similar reductions in storage disorders were effected by foliar CaCl2on fruit that had been stored 180 days in CA.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366896

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Calcium accumulates mainly in the aerial parts of the sugar‐beet plant. With oxalate, calcium and other cations precipitate in shoot cells as oxalate crystals. The oxalate results from a carboxylation reaction, in which the excess OH‐generated in shoot cells by the nitrate‐assimilation process, is neutralized.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366897

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of a few environmental factors on calcium intake into fruits was studied in potted trees (cv. Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop) kept under either fully controlled or outdoor conditions. Contrary to the usual pattern of orchard trees, the intake curve did not flatten after mid‐July but showed a substantial increase which persisted until harvest. Only at a root temperature of 6°C did Ca intake slow down appreciably. It is postulated that this additional Ca movement may occur in the phloem and may be controlled by the rate of fruit growth.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366898

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Relatively small differences in environments have been found to have large and lasting effects on fruit growth, mineral composition and storage quality of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. In 2 studies described here, the first indicated that temperature during the first 5 weeks of fruitlet growth, affecting vegetative growth and fruit size during that period, can influence the final concentration of Ca in fruits and the storage quality. The second study, to test the necessity for Ca sprays to contract fruits directly in order to aid control of storage disorders, involved temporary bagging of individual fruits during the once‐or twice‐weekly sprays. Although each period of bagging did not exceed 1 hour, the final Ca concentration in the bagged fruit from Ca‐sprayed trees was lower than in fruits not bagged from unsprayed trees. A greater degree of bitter pit was associated with the lower Ca levels in fruit.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366899

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Procedures used to increase the calcium content of plants, especially the economic parts, are reviewed. The procedures used include sprays, both dilute and concentrate, dips in calcium solutions, dips with surfactants, dips with thickeners and dips with both surfactants and thickeners. The most effective practical procedure at present for apples is a dip in 3 to 4 percent calcium chloride solution, 0.25 percent Keltrol thickener and some surfactant. This dip can increase fruit flesh calcium concentration by 150 to 200 ppm. Concentrations as high as 2800 ppm calcium have been achieved with a dip but extensive fruit surface damage resulted.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366900

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366901

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cork spot of pear (Pyrus communisL. cv. ‘d'Anjou') fruits was reduced 20% to 80% with orchard applications of calcium at rates ranging from 325 to 3250 ppm as the chloride or nitrate sprays containing surfactant. Late season sprays were more effective than early season sprays and a series of sprays more effective than single sprays, although control of the disorder is seldom complete. Fruit calcium sprays increased fruit calcium concentrations by 15–30%, sufficient to decrease the incidence of the disorder. Boron concentrations have not been found to be associated with this disorder. Orchards exhibiting cork‐spot incidences greater than 25–30% at harvest may have over‐riding conditions rendering calcium sprays much less effective.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366902

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of 4 late‐season dilute tree sprays (3741 liters/ha) containing Ca and B on corking severity and nutrition of ‘Yorking’ apples was studied in 1972. Corking severity was observed after slicing the fruit and is expressed as the mean number of cork spots per fruit. Non‐treated fruits had 4.6 spots, 410 pg/g of peel Ca, 110 ug/g of flesh Ca, 31 jig/g of peel B and 10 jig/g of flesh B. Four sprays of CaCl2‐2H2O that applied a total of 55 kg/ha, reduced the spots to 1.4, raised peel Ca to 570 ug/g and flesh Ca to 130 ug/g. Four sprays of Solubor that applied 3.7 kg/ha of B reduced the spots to 2.4 and raised peel B to 138 μg/g and flesh B to 65 μg/g. Calcium nitrate sprays of 80.7 kg/ha Ca(NO3)2’4H2O increased fruit Ca to 520 μg/g (peel), 120 μg/g (flesh), but increased spots to 7.9.

ISSN:0010-3624    

DOI:10.1080/00103627909366903

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor