ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFormerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) are properties that the Department of Defense (DOD) is responsible for cleaning up under the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. These properties were formerly owned by, leased by, possessed by, or otherwise under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense or military components that predate DOD, but are no longer operated by DOD. The FUDS program has over 9,000 potential properties and an annual budget in fiscal year 2000 of $238 million. FUDS are located in all states and territories of the United States and have a direct impact on many citizens. The Army is the executive agent for the program and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manages and executes the program. Cleanup at FUDS is similar to that at active DOD facilities, but FUDS is a “different animal.” This is what makes the cleanup in the twenty‐first century challenging and complex. The article discusses the current and future external factors that affect the cleanup process at

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFederal agencies in the United States are required to consider the cumulative effects (CEs) of their activities combined with those of others. This requirement has placed a burden on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process due to the technical complexities involved with cumulative effects assessment (CEA). This article presents a CEA methodology that reduces some of the inherent complexities by focusing on the cumulative influence to a single environmental resource, ambient air quality. An eight‐step method is presented herein as a tool for the assessment of cumulative air quality effects. Procedures for accomplishment of the more difficult steps, such as the determination of what activities to include in the evaluation and how to determine the significance of a cumulative effect, are also include

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe United States has more than 3.5 million miles of rivers and streams that, along with closely associated floodplain and upland areas, comprise corridors of great economic, social, cultural, and environmental value. These corridors support higher rates of biological productivity than almost any other landscape feature. They also contribute significantly to each military installation's unique character. Interest in restoring stream corridor ecosystems is expanding rapidly in the United States. With this in mind, 15 federal agencies formed the Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group in 1995 to seek consensus on the fundamentals of modern approaches to stream restoration and to promote awareness and use of these methods throughout the nation. This unprecedented collaboration produced a comprehensive publication, entitled Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, which has begun to serve as a foundation of stream corridor restoration knowledge and practice nationwide. Attention to these aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is a common theme of both Integrated Training Area Management (ITAM) program and stream corridor restoration. ITAM is the Army's strategy for focusing on sustained use of training and testing lands. Cross‐program innovation and field‐tested stream restoration methods can combine to provide greater sustainability for Department of Defense maneuver areas and ranges over both the short and long t

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe definition of sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Components of sustainable development include economic profitability, environmental quality, and community well‐being. For federal agencies, sustainable development is critical to their mission. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has always embraced a linkage between economic and environmental goals. However, integration of these elements into its internal operations is a new concept.This article provides a general discussion of sustainable development principles and approaches to incorporating these principles internally, and specific sustainable development initiatives at NOAA. To meet the demands of NOAA's mission requirements—including sustainable development—and the many environmentally related Presidential Executive Orders, NOAA is developing an environmental, health, and safety management information system (MIS). One element of the MIS, the chemical inventory management system, used to track laboratory chemicals to ensure the safety of employees and protection of the environment, is described in more detail. Additional modules on elements such as Asbestos and Underground Storage Tanks are pl

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article focuses on a ten‐element strategy for “streamlining” the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process in order to achieve the Act's objectives while easing the considerable burden on agencies, the public, and the judicial system. In other words, this article proposes a strategy for making NEPA work better and cost less. How these ten elements are timed and implemented is critical to any successful streamlining.The strategy elements discussed in this paper, in no particular order of priority, are as follows: (1) integrate the NEPA process with other environmental compliance and review procedures; (2) accelerate the decision time for determining the appropriate level of NEPA documentation; (3) conduct early and thorough internal environmental impact statement (EIS) (or environmental assessment [EA]) scoping before public scoping or other public participation begins; (4) organize and implement public scoping processes that are more participatory than confrontational; (5) maintain an up‐to‐date compendium of environmental “baseline” information; (6) prepare more comprehensive, broad‐scope “umbrella” EISs that can be used effectively for tiering; (7) encourage preparation of annotated outlines with detailed guidance that serve as a “road map” for preparation of each EIS or EA; (8) decrease the length and complexity of highly technical portions of NEPA documents; (9) increase and systematize NEPA compliance outreach, training, and organizational support; and (10) work diligently to influence the preparation of better organized, shorter, and more

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnvironmental impacts of peacetime military training are under heightened scrutiny by outspoken publics all over the world. Public environmental concerns are increasingly linked to sociocultural well‐being and economic vitality in affected communities. Demonstrating leadership in environmental stewardship in this broader community context is essential for the military to ensure continuing public support of its mission in a post‐Cold War era. Federal land management agencies are mandated to follow an ecosystem approach to resource management, such as a watershed approach to Clean Water Act compliance. This provides promising opportunities for military installations to link peacetime activities with host community well‐being. The transdisciplinary basis and policy frameworks for this approach are reviewed. Examples from Marine Corps Base Hawaii are described. Use of this approach by other resource management agencies facing similar challenges is encou

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOverall, the detonation of munitions represents an environmentally clean reaction. Six kilotons of energetic materials were expended in this case study during training in 1996. These included nitrocellulose (55 percent), trinitrotoluene (TNT) (30 percent), nitroglycerine (5 percent), nitroguanidine (4 percent), dinitrotoluene (DNT) (3 percent), and Royal Dutch Explosive (RDX) (3 percent). Based on previously reported test data (BangBox), energetic detonation emissions of environmental concern were calculated to be less than 1 percent. This residue contains nitrogen oxides (88 percent), a mix of volatile organic compounds (11 percent), and possibly undetonated RDX (<1 percent). Preliminary assessment of emissions produced by munitions in this study indicates that both nitrogen oxide (NOX) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are low relative to other NOX and VOC producing activities including emissions from biogenic (natural) sources. Though the amount of undetonated RDX is low, further work is needed to validate this number and determine whether this source represents any significant health or environmental impact.

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) reflects the unique relationship between the federal government and Native American Indian nations by increasing their jurisdiction over disposition and treatment of ancestral human remains and related artifacts. Native American Indians who believe that curation and study are not appropriate treatment for the dead obtained explicit legal protection for unmarked graves.The challenge faced by installation commanders in complying with NAGPRA and Department of Defense American Indian and Alaska Native Policy (October 1998) is to attain a balance that ensures appropriate treatment of skeletal remains. This includes economical identification of nonhuman remains, efficient interaction with criminal investigators when appropriate, and respectful treatment of Native American remains until correctly repatriated. Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Caddo Nation serve as an example for clarifying the roles of civil authorities, Indian religious leaders, and scientists.

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDepartment of Defense (DOD) installations are required by Executive Order 13148 to comply with the Emergency Planning and Community Right‐to‐Know Act (EPCRA), achieve reductions in usage and releases of toxic chemicals, and implement other programs, such as environmental management systems and audits. EPCRA section 313 compliance requires each DOD installation to evaluate more than 600 chemicals for possible annual reporting to EPA and state regulators. Achieving these goals at the installation level is further complicated by EPA's ongoing modifications to the EPCRA requirements, and the differences between DOD and EPA guidance for the specific compliance actions that must be taken. In addition to describing the EPCRA requirements, available DOD guidance, and key compliance issues of importance to military installations, this article recommends approaches to resolving DOD/EPA guidance differences, and provides insight into the importance of the EPCRA d

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330110311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY