ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This study contrasted two different practice schedules for learning to use a prosthetic simulator that mimicked an upper‐extremity prosthesis with a voluntary‐close terminal device. The purpose was to determine an efficient practice schedule for learning to perform prehension skills that could be employed by people learning to use an actual prosthesis after amputation. Forty‐eight participants were randomly distributed into two groups for skill acquisition training: those who practiced three different prehension tasks with the simulator in a random practice order or those who practiced the three tasks with the simulator under a blocked practice order. During acquisition, the groups practiced the three tasks on two consecutive days. On the third day, two different tests of learning were administered: a retention test on the tasks practiced in acquisition and an intertask transfer test on three tasks similar to those practiced in acquisition. Both the random and blocked groups showed significant improvements in initiation time and movement time to perform each task across the 2 days of acquisition. Thus, structured practice, regardless of degree of “randomness” inherent in the schedule, promoted functional use of the prosthesis. Both practice schedules were equally effective for promoting skill retention; however, in intertask transfer, the random acquisition group demonstrated significantly greater proficiency in performing the new tasks than the blocked acquisition group. Persons learning to use an upper‐extremity prosthesis may be better able to transfer skill to new prehension tasks by practicing under random practice conditions.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;High‐tech development within prosthetics for lower limb amputees can benefit from high‐tech methods to study the socket fit. Roentgen stereophotogrammetry is one such method with high resolution to study stability with point motion and segment motion simultaneously to show how well bonded the socket is to the stump. It has been used to follow results of total joint replacement concerning loosening and wear of components. In this study, one transtibial amputee was examined with tantalum bone markers implanted through skin and also glued into the hard socket. Four different prosthetic suspensions were used, and we simulated four different gait cycle positions and recorded the micromotions between the tibial bone segment and the hard socket three‐dimensionally. The vertical motion varied 10 to 30 mm and the AP motion 0 to 15 mm. For the first time, we could measure rotation of the socket on the stump about a vertical axis. The rotation in the transversal plane was 7.5 outward. Airtight sleeve with expulsion valve gave the best stability.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The recent increase in incidence of deformational plagiocephaly is commonly believed to be associated with the American Academy of Pediatrics' “Back to Sleep” campaign. Other factors, however, may contribute to the development of this condition. During the past decade, we have seen a number of infants whose deformities seem to be associated with the extended use of car seats, infant carriers, bouncy seats, and infant swings. Having recognized that notes about usage were being routinely recorded in the margins of our clinical records, we began collecting information on the amount of time infants were spending in these devices. In this report, we describe our findings and document the related cranial deformities. The data and photographs were collected between 1998 and 2000 and reviewed to determine the amount of time children with deformational plagiocephaly spent in these devices. During the three‐year study period, 56.6% of the infants spent less than 1.5 hrs, 28.6% spent 1.5 to 4 hrs, and 14.8% spent more than 4 hrs/day in these devices. In addition, 5.7% slept in one of these devices during their first several months of life, frequently because of problems with reflux. These infants often developed an increase in posterior head height and “squaring” or “cornering” of the head. Normal use of car seats, carriers, swings and bouncy seats is not a concern; however, caution is warranted for infants who spend extended periods of time in these devices. The constant pressure these devices apply to the back of the cranium may perpetuate the deformation.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Smart variable geometry socket (SVGS) technology provides a method of dynamic volume management for lower limb amputees. Because amputees experience residuum volume changes during the day and over time, the fit of their sockets may vary. Currently, socks are often added or removed to maintain a stable and comfortable fit. SVGS technology automatically and continuously accommodates for residuum volume changes to maintain the fit of the socket. The system functions by adding and removing liquid from the intrasocket environment, regulated dynamically by intrasocket pressure. SVGS rationale, theory of operation, alternative approaches, and clinical relevance are described.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID