ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article is a discussion of the basic concepts and categories of clinical research. Because the current state-of-theart in research is the result of more than 200 years of developments, the essential elements such as interventions, control groups, randomization, blindness, placebo, the Hawthorne effect and informed consent are reviewed.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article focuses on two types of clinical research in O&P, experimental and descriptive. An outline of steps is suggested and the concept of validity is reviewed as a prerequisite for understanding experimental design. Lastly, pertinent experimental designs are explained with an attempt to use orthotic and prosthetic examples.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors discuss getting started in O&P research and provide examples for organizing research projects, including how to identify the basic problem to forming the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis and drawing statistically or clinically significant conclusions.Several common early errors in getting started with a project design are briefly discussed. Being concise, clear and significant are shown to be some of the most important factors in formulating a project. Constraints of time, funding and proper equipment to carry out research investigations should be considered but can be overcome and should not discourage the new researcher. Solving these logistical constraints is also discussed.The impact of O&P research is paramount to the future of our field with the waning physician interest in carrying out O&P projects.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The foundation for credible scientific research is careful review of published information and previous research as noted in available literature. This paper will discuss methods to ferret out prosthetic and orthotic knowledge from its sometimes arcane locations.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research organizes a question or questions about patient characteristics, methods of treatment or materials, and processes used in treatment and produces accurate, valid answers to improve the quality of patient care (1). To be able to answer questions, we must first convert our observations into measurable quantities—also known as “properties” or “variables”(2). This article defines different types of variables and elaborates on their use and misuse in published research.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To gain meaningful results from a research effort, data must be collected and then analyzed correctly. While rigorous research methods must be adhered to during the data collection process, similar efforts must be made to assure data are handled correctly during analysis.The importance of thorough screening and proofing cannot be overestimated. In computerized data management there are numerous opportunities to err. If one does not examine the data carefully, valid results may not be obtained (1).This article will present the first two steps in the statistical management of data: proofing and screening. Proofing refers to the clerical steps required, such as checking for recording errors and making sure data recorded manually are attached to the correct subjects, observations and variables when entered into a computer. Screening refers to technical data management such as checking that the data conform to the mathematical assumptions necessary for subsequent analysis.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When practitioners understand the components of the scientific process, meaningful clinical research can occur. This process includes consistent, accurate observation and reporting of both the normal and pathological motions either produced or allowed. A normal extension of the reporting process includes comparing objective data with data from similar cases to mark progress. Although thought to be less scientific, using subjective responses is important when evaluating design and fitting.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article identifies sources of funding to conduct research and development (R&D) in prosthetics and orthotics.

ISSN:1040-8800    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID