摘要:

Low levels of rubella virus IgG antibody have been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by a solid‐phase radioimmunoasay (RIA) previously developed for testing of clinical serum samples. Paired serum and CSF specimens of 36 MS patients and 12 control patients were analyzed. Of those MS patients which had negative CSF titers in the rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test, 90 per cent (11/12) were found to have rubella IgG antibody by the RIA method. In specimens found to contain rubella IgG antibodies by both methods, the RIA test was approximately 15 times more sensitive than the rubella HAI test. The results presented suggest that a considerable portion of MS patients have significantly reduced serum/CSF rubella IgG antibody ratios, indicating that there is a local production of rubella antibodies in the central nervous system of these patient

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Activities corresponding to the enzymes glucokinase, glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, pyridine nucleotide independent malate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were found in cell free extracts fromNeisseria elongatasubsp.glycolytica.Activities corresponding to 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrase and 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐6‐phosphogluconate aldolase were not found. Glucose was catabolized only via the pentose phosphate pathway. The radiorespirometric findings suggest an extensive recycling of the triose and fructose phosphates. There was no evidence for formation of pyruvate from glucose. Glutamate was oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Pyruvate and acetate were obviously catabolized by the glyoxylic and tricarboxylic acid cycles, a

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Complement‐mediated lesions developed in myxovirus membranes in the presence of antibody to host antigens. Intact virions reacted with antibody to the keratosulphate‐like host antigen present in the spike layer. Spike‐deprived influenza virus reacted in the same way when an antiserum to the Forssman glycolipid was used. The holes in the membrane varied considerably in size, but were otherwise similar to those found in erythrocyte membranes. This immune electron microscopy method proved useful for the localization of host material in viral memb

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data pertaining to 149 strains belonging to genusYersiniaare summarized in this paper.Yersinia enterocolitica(Y.e.) was isolated from the faeces of 31 of 305 small rodents and from 5 of 31 shrews (Soricidae) trapped at five localities in Norway and one locality in Denmark. Isolations were obtained from 9 of 29 water samples collected within the trapping areas. Three of 25 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from one locality in Norway harbored Y.e. in their faeces. Y.e. serotype 16 was isolated from one zoologist suffering from diarrhoea. A total of 85 strains from small rodents, shrews, water and foxes showed biochemical properties intermediate to Y.e. andY. pseudotuberculosis.Another three strains were classified asY. pseudotuberculosison biochemical basis. They were obtained from small rodents in Denmark. Serological examination of 59 small rodents naturally infected with Y.e. and related microbes, revealed two cases of low antibody titres (80) against homologous isolates. Pathological examination of 44 of these animals gave a negative result. Strains antigenically related to the same serotypes were frequently isolated from both terrestrial ecosystems and adjacent freshwater. Strains related to serotype 6 dominated both in red fox and in their small rodent prey. No evidence was found for a dynamical significance of Y.e. in populations of small rodents. The results indicate that Y.e. andYersinialike microbes have a broad occurrence in terrestrial ecosystems.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and ninety‐eight coagulase‐negative staphylococci isolated from urines, blood cultures, and pus samples were classified by means of two identification schemes, and their wall teichoic acids were determined serologically.S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, and S. cohniiwere identified reliably by the use of five criteria: acid aerobically from sucrose, trehalose, and mannitol, phosphatase production, and sensitivity to novobiocin. Further species, notablyS. haemolyticus and S. hominis, could be identified when haemolysis on blood agar plates was included in the criteria group. The investigation shows, that a considerable number of coagulase‐negative staphylococci isolated from human specimens belong to species other thanS. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus.These staphylococci can cause human infections and should be identified in the diagnostic laboratory.S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticuswere found to contain the teichoic acids previously identified in these species.S. cohnii contained the same teichoic acids as S. saprophyticus.No characteristic teichoic acid was demonstrated in the other species, but several strains contained poly C (β‐N‐acetylglucosaminylglycerol teic

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the period 1969–1974 a decreasing number of Danish hospital departments recorded epidemic occurrences ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains, and the local spread of strains was less extensive. Multiple‐resistant strains of the 83 A complex were succeeded by type 94 strains, resistant to penicillin only. The level of methicillin resistance fell from 19 to 6 per cent. 12 per cent of methicillin resistant strains are now sensitive to streptomycin and/or tetracyclines; they do not represent a few clones, but belong to a wide spectrum of phage types. The changes follow a reduction in the consumption of streptomycin and tetracyclines but not of methicillin or other penicillins. As a contrast to the general reduction of combined resistance to streptomycin and tetracyclines, the strains in dermatological departments, where tetracyclines are commonly used, maintain a high degree of resistance to tetracyclines al

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ultrastructure of the amastigote stage ofLeishmania tropicahas been studied. The present work reports on new observations on the fine structure of the basal body, prokinosome and flagellum. The basal body is composed of a centriole‐like structure and a transitional zone continuous with the proximal part of the flagellum. The centriole‐like part consists of nine peripheral triplet tubules and an indistinct dense central core. The transitional zone consists of nine peripheral doublet tubules and two central cylinders. The centriole‐like prokinosome is present parallel and close to the basal body. The flagellum arises from the transitional zone of the basal body and has the classical axoneme (9 + 2) structure. However, at the tip of the flagellum the central tubules are replaced by one of the peripheral doublet tubules. The ultrastructural findings, as compared with previous studies ofLeishmania, are disc

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Short time effects of ampicillin on viability and levels of intracellular ATP were studied in bacterial cultures and a close relationship between intracellular ATP levels and viability was demonstrated. The connection between the effects observed and MIC values is discussed. The possibility of using the phenomenon for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing was studied in clinical isolates incubated for 2 hours followed by luciferase assay of intracellular ATP. A positive correlation was demonstrated between ampicillin‐induced decreases in intracellular ATP and inhibitory zone diameters, as measured by the agar diffusion techniqu

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A serological and clinical study was performed to find the common features of 130 patients without antibodies against 11 or more different antigens in the complement fixation (CF) test. These patients (= 1.6 per cent) were discovered during the screening of 8,021 adult patients. Rheumatoid factor(s) (RF) were found in the sera of 113 of the patients. In the remaining 17 patients no common serological or clinical markers were found. Myeloma M‐components were found in three cases. The lack of measurable CF antibodies in RF positive cases was apparently due to the inhibitory effect of RF(s) in the CF test. This was indicated by a positive reaction in CF after centrifugal separation of IgM and IgG fractions and also by the detection of antibodies using immunodiffusion method. Possible immune complexes were sought using the platelet aggregation test, which was positive for the sera of 47 (= 37 per cent) of the patients. The clinical diagnosis of the 130 CF‐nonreactors was rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (ARA criteria) in 23 cases and pulmonary diseases in 65 cases. In a comparison group of equal size there were only 3 RA patients and 15 with pulmonary disease. RA was thus found in 20 per cent of the RF positive CF‐nonreacting patients. In the comparison group of 52 RA patients 8 CF‐nonreactors were found (= 15 per cent). This suggests that the effect of RF(s) from RA patients in CF reaction varies

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When the sensitivity ofMicrococcus luteusATTC 9341 to streptomycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin and spiramycin was tested by an agar diffusion method using antibiotic impregnated filter paper disks on unbuffered Penassay Seed Agar two zones of inhibition were observed around the disks after an incubation period of 24 hours at 30d̀ C. The pH of theM. luteusseeded Penassay Seed Agar was measured before and after 24 hours incubation at 30d̀ C and found to be 6.6 and 8.7, respectively. When the Penassay Seed Agar was buffered to pH 6.1 and the sensitivity of the microbe to the antibiotics was tested as before no double zones of inhibition could be observed. The phenomenon of the double zones of inhibition may possibly be due to the pH increase of the medium from a relatively low level to the optimum range of activities of the antibiotics during the incubation perio

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY