摘要:

A three‐tube method combined with a dichotomic key is presented which will identify virtually allEnterobacteriaceaeas well as a number of other frequently encountered Gram‐negative rods at a genus or species level within 20 hours following the primary isolation. The method is shown to be reliable and simple, saving processing time and mater

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A small but significant bacitracin production has been observed in the neotypeBacillus licheniformisATCC14580. This strain produces bacitracin only during the phase of rapid growth. The bacitracin production ceases before growth is completed, and the relationship between growth and antibiotic production was not influenced by different environmental conditions. The maximum titre produced by the neotype strain was about 1 i.u. bacitracin/ml. This maximum titre was not influenced by the environmental conditions which resulted in a great variability of the maximum titre of the known bacitracin producerBacillus licheniformisATCC10716. In contrast toB. licheniformisATCC10716, the bacitracin production of the neotypeB. licheniformisATCC14580was not stimulated by Mn(II)ions. It is suggested that bacitracin may be incidentally overproduced by certain strains grown in certain environments. The controlled bacitracin production by the neotype is not consistent with the definition of secondary metabolites and the hypothesis concerning the function of secondary metabolites after growth of the producer organisms.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Denmark and probably in other countries as well, the infectious agent causing intercurrent death of rabbits by passages of Nichols pathogenicTreponema pallidumhas been studied in rabbits in the absence ofT. pallidum.This agent can be propagated in rabbits at intervals of 2 to 30 days and, depending on the interval between passages and the number of passages, the mortality may vary from zero to almost 70 per cent. Based on thepost mortemfindings in fatal cases, the name pleural effusion disease is suggested for this rabbit infection. Iridocyclitis, haematological and biochemical changes are signs of the disease not described previously. The source of the infectious agent is discussed.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relative prevalence of mucoid strains compared with non‐mucoid strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosahas been investigated in all routine bacteriological specimens received in a department of clinical microbiology during 1973.Pseudomonas aeruginosawas isolated from 1054 of the specimens (5.7 per cent) representing 53 patients with cystic fibrosis (551 isolates) and 169 patients with other diseases (503 isolates). The relative prevalence of mucoid strains was significantly higher in specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis (80 per cent) than in specimens from patients with other diseases (3 per cent). Considering patients without cystic fibrosis, the relative prevalence of mucoid strains was low in specimens from all anatomical regions, and no special preference of these strains for the respiratory tract could be demonstrated in these patients, in contrast to the situation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Alternation between mucoid strains and non‐mucoid strains in subsequent specimens was observed in 33 of the patie

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The simultaneously occurring mucoid (M) and non‐mucoid (NM) variants ofPseudomonas aeruginosafrequently observed in cultures from the respiratory tract of chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients have been studied. M culturesin vitrowere unstable and easily dissociated NM colonies. In a large proportion of the cases, M and NM variants occurring simultaneously in cultures from one and the same clinical specimen were of the same pyocine type, phage type, and serogroup. In some remaining cases there were small differences between the M and NM variants such that identity between the variants from one and the same specimen was possible, although not definite. The NM dissociants from M strains were of the same type as the M variant. The possible role of cross‐infection and the interaction of bacteria and host response factors continuously tending to select the unstable M variantin vivoare discus

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of proteins was readily extracted at neutrality from trichloroacetic acid precipitates of staphylococcal culture filtrate supernatants, while α‐toxin was dissolved and activated by treating the precipitate with 8 M urea, with acidic buffers or by heating to 90–100° C at neutrality. Heat activation of the precipitate produced a relatively pure α‐toxin with a molecular weight of 39,000. α‐Toxin was eluted together with three other proteins on hydroxyl apatite chromatography, and evidence was obtained for an association between the four proteins. On isoelectric focusing a haemolytic fraction was obtained at pH 6.2, probably due to acid activation of the precipitate formed at the cathodic end of the column. The α‐haemolytic fractions with pI's of 7.4 and 8.6 were shown to consist of α‐toxin only when analyzed by acrylamide electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The haemolytic component with a pI of 9.2 contained two additional components of molecular weights of 27,500 and 18,000. Chromatography of this material on Sephadex G‐200 showed that α‐toxin and the two proteins appeared as a

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cellular fatty acids of seventeenAcinetobacterstrains were determined. Most acids identified were previously found in neisseriae and moraxellae. Specific forAcinetobacterwas 2‐hydroxydodecanoic acid and a few minor unidentified components. The fatty acid data were analysed by numerical methods and compared with previous results obtained for neisseriae and moraxellae. The findings were consistent with genetic evidence for some affinities of genusAcinetobacterto genusMoraxellaand “false neisseriae”. Occasionally, a high resemblance in fatty acid pattern was demonstrated between aMoraxellastrain and certain strains ofAcinetobacter, and also between anAcinetobacterstrain and certain “true neisseriae”. Still, the acinetobacters constituted one single cluster separated from the other genera ofNeis

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cells ofTrichomonas vaginalis (T. vag.)obtained from five patients with severe trichomoniasis were fixed for electron microscopy directly in the vaginal fluid. Samples of the same material from three of the patients was inoculated into Diamonds medium and propagated for 3–6 weeks. During the first 3–4 weeksin vitrothe fine structure of all cells was changed. The shape of the nucleus, the size of the Golgi apparatus and adjacent vesicles, the fine structure of the chromatic granules, and the mastigont were all changed when compared to the organelles of the originally isolated cells. In addition the “ectoplasm” had disappeared, the glycogen granules had become sparse, and the number of free cytoplasmic ribosomes had increased. On the other hand, the large food vacuoles and the cell membranes generally were unchanged. Mycoplasms were observed in the original isolate and were also seen after more than 6 weeks of propagation, both as free organisms in the culture medium and within the large food vacuoles of “in vitro” cul

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The serology of freshly isolated strains ofBordetella bronchisepticafrom pigs and some other animal species was studied by the agglutination and agglutinin absorption tests. Differentiation was made between heat stable O‐antigens and heat labile K‐antigens. All the strains examined contained a common O‐antigen (1). In addition, three heat stable antigens were detected. The heat labile antigens of freshly isolated strains were found to be very different. The major antigens 2 and 3 were not found in combination. A common weak K‐antigen (1) was found in all strains. The pig strains were found to be serologically identical (0 1, 2; K 1, 2). The same serotype was isolated from a rabbit. Another rabbit strain was found to be similar to a strain isolated from an SPF‐rat (O 1, 3; K 1, 3, 4). The antigenic pattern found in two cat strains was O 1, 3; K 1, 3. Typing of freshly isolated strains from pigs with monospecific factor sera confirmed that all the strains so far examined were serologically identical. This uniform serology hampers epidemiological studies of porcine bordetellosis by antigenic analysis. The occurrence of serologically different serotypes ofB. bronchisepticais of significance in the diagnostic bacteriology since the final diagnosis must be confirmed by a serolog

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Escherichia colistrains isolated from human blood obtained from 539 different patients all over Denmark were examined serologically for O and H antigens. 425 strains could be O grouped with O sera 1 to 150. 90 strains were spontaneously agglutinable. Using O sera to the ten most frequent O groups: 2, 4, 6, 75, 9, 8, 18, 7, 22 and 1, 57 per cent of all strains could be grouped. Using sera corresponding to the ten most frequent O and the ten most frequent H sera, it was possible to O:H type 68 per cent of all O groupable strains. The K1 antigen was detected in 18 per cent of the strains.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1975.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY