摘要:

AbstractThis article describes and generalizes a validation study of four commercially available personal financial planning expert systems and the rationale for the research methodology used. Our evaluation of these systems adds to the understanding of verification and validation issues related to case selection, validation standards and evaluator bias. The article describes the systems, their domain and the empirical method—field tests using hypothetical cases—and relates that method to the literature. Comparing same‐task systems combines multiple system perspectives and multiple models. Our methodology did efficiently and effectively identify conflicting terminology, omissions and system weaknesses but was inadequate for comparing the complex plan recommendations. The results re‐emphasize the importance of continual knowledge base updating, formal system testing and the need for external evaluation. The results also show the value of comparing multiple, same‐task systems.

ISSN:1055-615X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1099-1174.1993.tb00035.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2014

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on the development of ICARE (Intelligent Computer Assisted Risk Evaluation), a knowledge‐based system for underwriting personal lines of insurance at a large insurance company. ICARE uses rule‐based and object‐oriented programming techniques to implement the subjective decision processes of expert underwriters for automobile insurance lines. The system is an easy‐to‐understand, easy‐to‐maintain, and efficient software program in which nontechnical underwriters can maintain their own knowledge base of underwriting rules and guidelines.

ISSN:1055-615X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1099-1174.1993.tb00036.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2014

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper focuses upon the status and prevalence of expert systems in life insurance in the UK today and reports the results of a widescale survey conducted by the authors. About 90% of the companies who responded are undertaking some form of activity in the field, with 59% expected to have operational systems in use within 3 years. However, a significant minority do not anticipate any increase in expenditure on the technology over the next few years. Other companies, by contrast, view the technology as vital for their futures. The surveys and interviews investigate levels of activity, present and future expenditure, the extent of formal planning for applications, needs, speed of organizational progress, application areas, evaluation criteria, responsibilities for development, satisfaction with shells, and perceived obstacles to progress. For the majority who have already begun development, expert systems are seen to possess a business advantage that outweighs the problems hindering this development.

ISSN:1055-615X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1099-1174.1993.tb00037.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2014

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe financial services industry and, in particular, the insurance industry has emerged as an important user of expert systems. In the following review we examine evidence of the spread of such systems in insurance, and focus more particularly upon life insurance, where the greatest amount of progress has been made. We attempt to identify the major trends in this area and examine one of the favoured tasks for the implementation of expert systems, namely underwriting. After assessing the current state of work and level of satisfaction in this area, we finally consider the likely direction of future initiatives.

ISSN:1055-615X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1099-1174.1993.tb00038.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2014

数据来源: WILEY