ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Milk maturation from colostrum to mature milk occurs at rates that vary from mother to mother. The clinical significance of milk maturation rate is discussed here. Milk samples of 98 mothers were monitored in an observational study using the Maturation Index of Colostrum and Milk (MICAM). Samples were collected with each feeding during hospitalization, twice daily at home through day 7, and on days 14 and 28. Frequency and duration of early feeding were positively associated with milk maturation rates. An increased milk maturation rate was associated with an increased rate in infant weight gain at 28 days, lower transcutaneous bilimeter readings at 14 days and increased weeks of breastfeeding for those who weaned by 20 weeks. It is concluded from these associations that rapid milk maturation is desirable.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Numerous maternal factors may be associated with impaired lactation, including breast surgery that damages lactiferous ducts and nipple innervation, inadequate mammary glandular tissue, superimposed pregnancy, and severe maternal illness. Infants with inadequate suckling, such as prematures, small multiples, “happy to starve” nondemanding babies, or infants with oral defects may adversely affect breastmilk supply as a result of ineffective suckling. The overenthusiastic promotion of unsupplemented breastfeeding in the presence of these conditions can lead to critical failure to thrive in the infant. Case examples are cited to guide the clinician in distinguishing primary or nonremediable etiologies of insufficient lactation from common errors in the management of breastfeeding. When full lactation is not possible, the nursing relationship can still be preserved despite the need for supplement with infant form

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This survey examined types and prevalence of policies established by large companies to support breastfeeding among their employees. Twelve firms with known breastfeeding support programs were surveyed by telephone. In addition, a survey was mailed to 100 of the most profitable Fortune 500 companies; 29 percent responded. All repondents had maternity leave policies including guaranteed return to the same or a similar position; 32 percent had flex time and part‐time policies; and less than 5 percent had job sharing or day care available. Only 14 percent of responding companies allowed breastfeeding in the workplace; 5 percent had an electric breast pump and 48 percent had refrigeration facilities on site. Fourteen percent of the respondent companies reported having available health care and educational materials related to parenting. The types of support available in companies contacted because they were known to take an affirmative position are describe

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:To identify factors of professional experience, education, and socioeconomic background that might predict high scores on the examination given by the International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners, 135 (52.2%) of those tested in 1985, and 209 (94%) of those tested in 1986 completed a questionnaire after the six‐hour test. The percentage of candidates who passed the examination was 94.6 in 1985 and 93.2 in 1986. The candidates’ mean years of experience in counseling breastfeeding mothers was 10. Nearly all had had one year of college; half had baccalaureate or master's degrees in nursing. Three‐quarters in 1985 stated that their primary affiliation was with La Leche League International, whereas only 41 percent claimed this affiliation in 1986. We conclude that in the first two years candidates scored unusually high in this examination and that in future years fewer candidates will have the experience of these initial g

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Support from professionals and members of a social network has been found to be associated with the initial decision to breastfeed and with breastfeeding duration. In this paper, descriptive, correlational, and quasi‐experimental research on support and breastfeeding is reviewed to identify what knowledge has been gained over the past decade. New ideas for more effective professional support are suggeste

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:To determine those factors that predicted the duration of breastfeeding in low income women, 47 participants in the Women, Infants, and Children Program (WIC) who had breastfed an infant were interviewed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression. A combination of four variables—age of the infant in weeks at the time of introduction of solid foods, maternal report of perceived success, the mother's years of education, and age of the infant in weeks at the time of introduction of formula—explained 52 percent of the variance in the duration of breastfeeding. The best predictor, the age of the infant at the time of introduction of solid foods, alone accounted for 32 percent of the variance in the duration of breastfeed

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY