ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:We sought to determine whether women's attitudes and concerns, confidence in ability to control pain, and practice of pain‐control techniques would predict pain and coping or distress‐related thought during labor. During the third trimester of their pregnancies, 115 women completed the prenatal self‐evaluation inventory and measures of confidence and practice of pain‐control techniques. During the latent (≤3 cm), active (4–7 cm), and transition (≥ 7 cm) phases of labor, interviews were conducted to assess levels of pain and the content of women's cognitive activity on a continuum that ranged from coping‐related thought to distress‐related thought. Women's confidence in their ability to use relaxation techniques and their reported practice of pain‐control strategies did predict lower levels of pain and greater coping‐related thought during latent labor, but failed to account for pain or coping‐distress in active or transition phases of labor. High scores on the Prenatal Self‐Evaluation Inventory fear of pain and helplessness scale predicted high levels of distress during latent labor. Two other scales, concern for self and baby and acceptance of pregnancy, were significant predictors of pain and distress in active and transitional labor. The results suggest that, with the shift from latent to active labor, women's fundamental concerns and anxieties become manifest, and may take precedence over the skills acquired through childbirth education in moderating expe

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Twenty women were selected from public and private maternity services and interviewed by nurses and nurse‐midwives on a research team. The women were shown videotapes of their second‐stage labors that for 15 of them had been recorded by 2 other members of the research team. Four videos were provided by mothers who had had home births and one from a mother whose birth was filmed at a birth center. The interviews were analyzed for major themes; the theme reported here is women's experiences of pushing. Women reported wide variations in sensations during the second stage. Whereas 9 of 16 women expressed feelings of relief or pressure and stretching, 7 described pushing as painful, miserable, or horrible. Thirteen of 19 women had well defined urges to push, 1 had an intermittent urge, and 5 had no urge. Women often felt unprepared for the sensations and work of second‐stage labor, and caregivers' instructions commonly did not seem to be in synchrony with physiological responses. We conclude that childbirth educators and caregivers must prepare women more realistically for the second stage. They would be more effective if they responded to maternal behavior, rather than giving arbitrary instructions about pu

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:At approximately 37 weeks' gestation, 131 women were randomly assigned to one of three postpartum hospital discharge times: 12 to 24 hours, 25 to 48 hours, and 4 days. Depending on group assignment, the women received from one to five home visits by a maternity nurse clinician during the first 10 days postpartum. The results indicated the maternal and infant morbidity were low regardless of discharge time, although sample sizes were too small to detect significant differences in the outcomes. More early discharge mothers were breastfeeding without supplement at 1 month than were mothers in the long stay group. Mothers in the two early discharge groups were significantly more satisfied with their care than were those who remained longer. Those hospitalized longer scored higher on measures of depression and lower on scores of confidence at selected time periods.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Reasons for cesarean sections from three different data sources were compared. One hundred mothers were interviewed, their patient records were read, and the discharge diagnoses were noted. In about 70% of cases at least two of the data sources gave similar reasons for cesarean section, but when all three sources were compared, in only one‐third was information similar. These figures cast doubt on the utility of recorded indications in studying reasons for cesarean section

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Although breastfeeding may be the best form of infant nutrition and be an important practice for mother and infant, it may be perceived as negative by the father and thus inhibit the development of the father‐infant relationship. This study provides a summary of data from a longitudinal study of the male experience of expectant and new parenthood, and a summary of the literature on breastfeeding and fathers. Fathers' concerns about breastfeeding included the lack of opportunity to develop a relationship with their child, feeling inadequate, and being separated from their mate by the baby. The professional literature fails adequately to represent the negative aspects of breastfeeding for fathers. The parents' literature contains one father's candid and humorous account that caregivers might use, together with other techniques, to make parents aware of these aspect

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Prenatal ultrasound scans are believed to enable mothers to form an early affectionate bond to their child, to provide a reassuring image of the fetus, and to promote improvements in mothers' health behaviors on the behalf of the fetus. Observational studies suggest that scans done early may slightly improve maternal‐fetal bonding but that those done after quickening are not associated with attachment. Short‐term effects on maternal health behaviors, including less smoking, less drinking of alcohol, and more visits to dentists, were detected in a randomized trial when detailed information was given during the scan. This trial also suggested that women's anxiety was actually increased during scans, and then allayed by positive feedback from the operator. Not all women considered scans reassuring in one interview study, and other authors found that mothers' interpretations of scans depended on their personal and social circumstances. As used in everyday practice, ultrasound scans are not always accompanied by feedback, and when feedback occurs it is sometimes in the form of slips of the tongue, incorrect diagnoses, identification of structures that cannot be deciphered, and language that is unfamiliar and alarming to mothers. This “diagnostic toxicity” of ultrasound scans of the fetus has not been

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY