摘要:

ABSTRACT:To test the hypothesis that long, hard Valsalva pushing during second stage labor may increase fetal acidosis and decrease neonatal Apgar scores, ten women with normal pregnancies and first stage labors were randomly assigned to a long Valsalva pushing group or a short, open glottis pushing group. Neonatal outcomes were measured by umbilical vessel blood gasses. Open glottis pushers showed a non‐significant trend toward longer second stage labors and higher umbilical artery pH. Umbilical vein pH was significantly higher among open glottis pushers. Long Valsalva pushers had less frequent expulsive contractions.Whether women use long Valsalva or open glottis pushes may be only one of several factors which affect neonatal outcome, including not only the length and force of the push but also the condition of the fetus at the onset of pushing, the frequency and length of contractions during second stage, and the speed of delivery after crowning of the fetal hea

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The Birthplace nurse‐midwifery staffing, practice, cost, and outcomes are described. Of 527 women having initial prenatal visits 8 were referred for obstetrician care; 78 moved or dropped out; and 56 were referred to obstetricians later in pregnancy (among them 17 for spontaneous abortions and 10 for breech presentation, 5 for twins, and 6 for pre‐eclampsia).Of 385 women cared for at The Birthplace through the onset of labor, 82 were transported to hospitals during labor, most for failure to progress before and after rupture of membranes and prolonged second stage.Of 303 women delivered at The Birthplace, the following are discussed: the status of labor at admission, durations of stages of labor, incidence of episiotomies and lacerations, medication use, indications for 82 maternal intrapartum transports, mode of delivery of transports, indications for 11 postpartum maternal and 10 neonatal transports, and their outco

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to determine how providing childbirth education teachers with supplementary communication training would affect parents' reports of their birth. The teachers were randomly assigned to either a control group or a treatment group which received communication skills training. Questionnaires describing the birth experience were received from 79 new parents. Data were analyzed with a series of two‐by‐two analyses of variance, with groups (training versus control) and time (pre‐ versus post‐workshop) as the factors. New parents whose teachers had received communication skills training reported significantly more pain during the active phase of labor than did other new parents. It is likely that more open communication resulted from the communication training of childbirth educators which allowed parents in the treatment group to report negative feelings and experiences more

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Studies of maternal famine or nutritional rehabilitation can be grouped into three patterns: those in which famine occurred at conception or in the first trimester and was reversed by the end of pregnancy; those in which famine or nutritional therapy occurred in the second and third trimester; and pregnancies of chronically undernourished women in which the effect on birthweight of supplementation of the diet was studied. Overall, the effect of dietary supplementation in chronically undernourished women has been disappointing, either because the women may not have been sufficiently nutritionally deprived, or chronically undernourished women may have had difficulty increasing their energy intakes. The timing of the supplements in pregnancy was probably not a factor. It is postulated that the growth potential of the fetuses of chronically undernourished women may be lower than that of acutely malnourished fetuses.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The alternatives or choices available in childbirth may not address parents' or caregivers' concerns about maternity care adequately because the choices offered are limited, and because parents are not really free to choose. Obstetric care is organized in ways that limit choices, being a hierarchical system dominated by an engineering model of birth, in which caregivers contact parents very briefly and are themselves interchangeable, where efficiency is paramount, and where the technology that has been adopted is confining rather than freeing. Safety is a spurious issue in limiting most choices. Several ways to increase choices in childbirth are discussed.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1982.tb01680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY