ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The relationship of nausea during pregnancy with pregnancy outcome was studied using information from a post‐pregnancy survey of a sample of women in a cohort of 7,767 pregnancies. Seventy‐one percent of women were nauseated at some time during pregnancy. Nausea was unrelated to race and education. Younger women and those of higher parity were significantly (p<0.05) more likely to be nauseated than older women and primiparas. The percentage of women nauseated during pregnancy was 70.1 in those who delivered a boy and 73.3 in those who delivered a girl, a difference that was not statistically significant (X2= 1.8, df 1, p = 18). The relative risks of spontaneous abortion and of ectopic pregnancy were significantly (p<0.01) increased in women who were not nauseated at all during pregnancy, but there was no significant association of freedom from nausea with increased or decreased risk of stillbirth, congenital anomaly, or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve percent of women whose pregnancy lasted two or more trimesters had nausea throughout pregnancy. The relative risks of IUGR and of major and minor congenital anomaly were elevated in women with persistent nausea, although the elevations in risk were small and not statistically significant. Information about nausea of pregnancy may be useful in counseling pregnant women. It may help guide the evaluation of patients in whom ectopic pregnancy is a possibility, particularly where ultrasound is not available. If nausea is a biological marker for good placental function, better delineation of its physiologic basis might contribute to our understanding of variations in placental function and could result in development of a tool for monitoring

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Stress in normal labor is harmless to the mother and beneficial to the healthy fetus and neonate. When stress is excessive in an otherwise healthy mother and fetus or when stress further taxes a fetus who is already compromised, it may have deleterious effects. The desirability of minimizing stressful interventions is discussed.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A convenience sample of 159 women, all between 10 days and 2 months postpartum, filled out the Childbirth Events Stress Survey. All had attended the childbirth classes of the author during 1982 through mid‐1985. Only those who had had vaginal births in the hospital were included in the results. Those labor events most frequently described as highly stressful were: induction or augmentation with pitocin; administration of anesthesia; restriction to bed; restriction of movement in bed; forceps and vacuum extractor delivery; limited time with the baby; and circumcision. Because excessive stress is detrimental to labor progress and fetal and neonatal well‐being, alternatives to these stressful policies and procedures are suggested. Many stressful events are done without indication and may thus be elimina

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:‘Accouchement force’or forcible delivery referred originally to the internal podalic version and extraction descibed by French surgeon Paré in the 1500s. The term was later used by DeLee and others to describe several methods of forcible cervical dilatation and delivery. American obstetrics literature from 1903 to 1958 describe several devices and techniques for “accouchement forcé”: manual dilatation, metal cervical dilators, hydrostatic bags, cervical incisions, and prophylactic episiotomy and forceps. The use of postural change or abdominal support to facilitate the mother's expulsive efforts has been rare. Current methods of forcible delivery include the use of oxytocin, laminaria, prostaglandins, and cesarean section. Methods of ‘accouchement forcé’were first used only for complicated cases, but intervention eventually became widespread. Older forms of ‘accouchement forcé’have been abandoned in favor of safer, more refined methods. But debate continues over the use of forcible techniq

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Parents’requests to include their children at birth have raised concern about the effects of birth on the child. Most studies have shown that children respond positively to birth and some suggest that a sensitive bonding period may occur immediately after birth for the sibling and newborn. This study investigates the relationship between sibling jealousy and a child's presence at birth. Two groups of children, those present and absent from birth, were assessed using parents’responses to a questionnaire on changes in behaviors indicative of jealousy, such as regression, temper tantrums, harsh physical interaction, and sleeping problems. No significant difference was found between the scores for the two groups. Parents’responded that children showed mothering and caretaking behaviors, with a greater number of these behaviors occurring in the group of children who were present for the

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the Dublin trial a hypothesis tested (and sustained) was that electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) reduces the risk of neonatal seizures. Only secondary analyses of the data suggest that this benefit was concentrated in labors of more than 5 hours and those in which oxytocin was used. Claims that EFM is only protective under these conditions, and claims of superior methods of monitoring the fetus or interpreting fetal heart rates tracings, must themselves be tested in formal clinical experiments.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Obstetric litigation in the U.S. has rendered electronic fetal monitoring “efficacious and capable of detecting asphyxia at an early enough stage to avoid neurologic damage.”Court decisions are “directly translatable to one's practice”when randomized controlled trials, apparently, are not.Nevertheless, hypotheses regarding the benefits of certain paper speeds and the importance of beat‐to‐beat variability cannot be accepted until they are tested in properly designed randomized controlled trials. Among several difficulties to surmount is the repeated finding that interobserver agreement on fetal heart rate tracings has never exceeded

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY