摘要:

ABSTRACT:Beginning with a historical account of advice to breastfeeding mothers, the authors review recent changes in the incidence of breastfeeding in Perth, and studies of milk production, constituents of various milks, management of breastfeeding and weaning, and circadian and menstrual cycle variation in breastmilk. The effects of contaminants, the seasons, and pregnancy are also discussed.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Protective components in human milk include immunoglobulins, other antiinfective proteins, and properties which stimulate the protective development of the infant's gastrointestinal tract. Human milk is high in vitamin C and lactose, and low in iron, calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D may be present in clinically significant amounts in a water soluble form. Although breast milk is low in protein (1–1½g/100 ml), this is sufficient to maintain normal growth in full‐term infants. Mothers of preterm infants have been found by some, but not all, investigators to have more protein in their breast milk than is found in the milk of full‐term mothers. Breast milk protein differs from that in cow's milk in both quantity and quality. Human milk includes zinc and folate binding agents, thyroid hormone, increased amounts of well‐absorbed lipids and highly bio‐utilizabl

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The factors involved in the passage of drugs into breast milk will be discussed. Breast milk composition, maternal pharmacokinetic characteristics, infant pharmacokinetic characteristics, and feeding patterns all play an important role in determining whether or not a drug passes into breast milk along with the degree of infant ingestion. Drugs that are contraindicated, potentially contraindicated, and potentially not a problem are discussed.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The data to date clearly demonstrates neither an association between breastfeeding and jaundice, nor a significant correlation between weight loss and serum bilirubin levels in the neonate. Breastmilk jaundice is a distinct syndrome in about two percent of breastfed babies. In these infants the bilirubin levels are elevated for prolonged periods but tend to rise more slowly than is characteristic of physiologic jaundice. Although kernicterus has not been reported from breastmilk jaundice, there is little reason to assume this form of hyperbilirubinemia is any less toxic to the neonate than hyperbilirubinemia from any other source.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The physiology of engorgement, its etiology and methods to avoid it are discussed. The mechanics of milk ejection and nursing are described. Treatment for sore nipples includes frequent nursing, changing the position of the baby's mouth on the nipple, increased sun and air exposure, and pain medication as necessary. The management of other related nursing problems is covered.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The romantic qualities of the breastfeeding relationship include elemental physicality, intensity, and transience. The paper explores the implications of nursing in terms of a woman's sexuality, competence and power, and offers breastfeeding as an economic model of a renewable resource.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Women who breastfeed today are burdened cruelly by romanticized fantasies and idealized images of selfless motherhood which are purveyed not only by books and periodicals, but by other mothers. Yet there is a dark side to breastfeeding, one part of which is simply the wish to have one's body back to oneself. The denial of the doubts, insecurities, and fears that often accompany early motherhood can lead to difficulties for the new mother and the nursing experience.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Mothers having difficulty with breastfeeding often find a lack of acknowledgement of the normal ambivalence about many aspects of the early mothering experience. Mothers, who need themselves to be nurtured, instead find people anxious to give advice which is biased by their own experience or dogmas. The “helpers” too easily conclude that what worked for them, or what seems “natural,” is correct for mothers in general. They are quick to make negative judgments about women who do not follow the idealize

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This is a summary of a 180‐page Administrative Petition to the FDA and the DHHS to alleviate domestic formula misuse and to provide informed infant feeding choices, especially among low‐income, minority women. This summary documents the low and declining rates of breastfeeding among poor women, and the illnesses and costs of medical treatment in formula‐fed infants in the U.S. The practices of the infant formula industry and their effects on the attitudes of medical caregivers towards breastfeeding are described. The Petition, with over 500 references, was filed on June 17, 1981. It is available from Room 2323, Raybum House Office Bldg., Washington D.C.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY