ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:It is often assumed that prenatal diagnosis followed by the selective abortion of “defective’ fetuses has a positive eugenic effect. Although mandatory selective abortion of “defective’ fetuses and, more important, carriers would tend to reduce the number of deleterious genes in the gene pool, the present program of voluntary prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion actually increases the number of deleterious genes. This raises the issue of freedom of choice regarding selective abortion and societal pressure on parents to undergo prenatal testing and to abort their fetus should it have a genetic disorder or be a carrier

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The records of 207 primigravid patients were reviewed over seven months to determine the relationship between childbirth education classes and the outcome of labor and delivery. Primiparous patients self‐selected into two groups, attenders and nonattenders of childbirth education classes; 114 attended at least two classes and 93 attended one or no classes. A significantly higher percentage of attenders were older, better educated, or of higher socioeconomic status. There were nonsignificant trends toward longer second stage of labor, increased use of assistance at delivery (forceps or vacuum), and increased use of medication in the group that attended prenatal classes. A benefit of attendance at childbirth education classes in reducing interventions during labor and delivery was not demonstrate

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:After the development and initiation of prepared childbirth classes in a large, inner‐city hospital, a case‐controlled study was designed to assess their impact on obstetric outcomes. Prepared couples were matched with nonattenders on six variables: race, patient status (clinic or private), parity, marital status, age, and socioeconomic status. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found. Prepared couples were more likely to receive little or no pain medication and less conduction anesthesia than controls. Consequently, 79 percent of their deliveries were spontaneous, compared to 51 percent for controls (P<0.001). Despite the increased pushing ability of the class attenders, over 80 percent of women in both groups had an episiotomy, which was, in turn, significantly associated with a second‐, third‐, or fourth‐degree laceration, thus bringing into question its routine use. Further studies to identify additional factors associated with positive obstetric outcomes are

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:An exploratory, grounded‐theory study revealed that parents develop a sense of their unborn infant's presence in an individualized manner. Four coexisting levels of cognitive and sensory awareness were delineated from a sample of primiparous and multiparous parents during the third trimester of pregnancy: awareness of the infant as an idea, awareness of the infant's presence, awareness of specific infant behavior, and awareness of the infant's interactive ability. Mothers controlled fathers' access to the unborn infant. Not all mothers interacted with their infant during pregnancy, indicating variability in style. These findings challenge current understanding of prenatal attachmen

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Breastfeeding outcomes of 121 primiparas enrolled in a larger study were examined to determine the impact of cesarean delivery on time of first breastfeeding. Mothers giving birth by cesarean had a later first breastfeeding and expressed less satisfaction with the birth experience than did those who delivered vaginally. No relationships were found between delivery type and duration of breastfeeding or pain or fatigue related to breastfeeding. Time of first breastfeeding was not related to breastfeeding duration. Although some investigators have reported that mothers who have cesarean deliveries or delayed first feeding are less successful at breastfeeding, the high level of commitment to breastfeeding in this sample may have overcome the effect of perinatal events.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1990.tb00709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY