摘要:

Data are presented which indicate that combinations of rCD4 immunoglobulin with azidothymidine, dideoxyinosine or 0.5 β mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against the V3 region of HIV‐1, were more effective in treatment of acute HIV infectionin vitrothan each compound alone. It is suggested that combination therapy with these compounds is more beneficial in treatment of HIV‐infected patients than monotherapy, especially with respect to a reduction of the known side effects and the formation of resistant HIV strains after treatment with nucleoside analo

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The usefulness of heat‐inactivated polyethylene glycol‐treated serum was studied with reference to its ability and suitability to support the growth of different cell li

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

About 100 strains isolated from spoiled foods and beverages were screened for their ability to grow in the presence of successively higher concentrations of sorbic acid. Most strains were able to grow at 150 ppm, 40% at 500 ppm and remarkably two strains ofZygosaccharomyces bailiitolerated 800 ppm. Significant differences were observed between strains of the same species. A general observation was that increasing concentration of sorbic acid resulted in a decrease in the biomass present at the stationary phase and increase in the duration of the lag phase.

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The production of enterocin 1146, a bacteriocin fromEnterococcus faeciumDPC1146, was studied during batch fermentation at pH 5, 5.5, 6 and 6.5. The bacteriocin was produced throughout the growth of the micro‐organism, showing primary metabolite kinetics. Bacteriocin production stopped at the end of growth and was followed by a decrease in activity due primarily to adsorption on the cells of the producer. The optimal pH for enterocin 1146 production was 5.5, because of higher bacteriocin yield per unit of biomass and slower adsorption/degradation, while optimal pH for growth was between 6.0 and 6.

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

α‐Galactosidase activity inBifidobacterium longumwas maximal in a range of 40–45°C and at pH of 5.8. At temperatures above 60°C the enzyme was completely inactivated, but it maintained a 100% activity during storage at low temperatures (4, ‐ 30, ‐ 70°C) for 3 months. The addition of Hg2+to the reaction buffer produced a strong inhibitory effect while Mn2+exerted a slight positive effect upon activity. The addition of EDTA, inhibitors and other metal ions had no effect on the enzyme α

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of sodium lactate and storage temperature on toxigenesis by proteolytic (Pr) and nonproteolytic (Np)Clostridium botulinumspores inoculated in processed ‘sous‐vide’‐type beef, chicken breast and salmon was explored. Three g samples of beef and salmon homogenates with 0, 2.4 and 4.8% (w/w) lactate and of chicken with 0, 1.8 and 3.6% (w/w) lactate were placed in 24‐well tissue culture plates. The samples were inoculated with 104spores of pools of Pr (4A + 2B + 2F strains) or Np (4B + 4E strains), vacuum‐packaged in barrier bags, and stored at 16 and 30°C for Pr and at 4, 8, 12 and 30°C for Np for up to 90 d. Lactate at 2.4% in beef and 1.8% in chicken delayed toxigenesis by Np for 40 d at 12°C and by Pr for 28 d at 16°C. Delaying toxigenesis for similar periods of time in salmon required 4.8% lactate and 12°C for Np, and 2.4% lactate and 16°C for Pr. Increasing levels of lactate and decreasing temperature significantly delayed toxigenesis ofCl. botulinumin the ‘

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The susceptibility of 32 strains ofPropionibacterium acnesto the essential oil ofMelaleuca alternifolia, tea tree oil, was examined using a broth dilution method. The minimum bactericidal concentration of tea tree oil for five strains was 0.25% or less while, for the remainder, it was 0.50%.

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Staphylococcus warneri, Staph, xylosus, Staph. saprophyticus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. sciurisubsp.lentus, Staph. sciurisubsp.sciuriandStaph. cohniisubsp.urealyticumwere the most frequently occurring staphylococci in the rumen content and wall of young and wild ruminants.Staphylococcus warneriformed a high percentage mainly among 2–9‐week‐old ruminants.Staphylococcus hominiswas found only in mouflons.Staphylococcus gallinarumwas detected only in calves.Staphylococcus aureuswas the predominant representative of coagulase‐positive staphylococci in the rumen of wild ruminants. Most of the strains examined could not be identified as known

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Combinations of five diluents (0.1% peptone, 40 and 50% glucose, and 18 and 26% glycerol) and three enumeration media (tryptone glucose yeast extract, dichloran 18% glycerol and malt extract yeast extract 50% glucose (MY50G) agars) were evaluated for recovering a xerotolerant yeast,Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, from foods with intermediate water activity (aw). Combinations of 40% (aw, 0.936) or 50% (aw0.898) glucose diluent and MY50G agar (aw0.890) were superior in recovering highest populations. The type of solute in the diluent, as well as a reducedaw, influences efficiency of recovering viable cells.

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A Salmonella Assay using the Vitek Immunodiagnostic Assay System (VIDAS) was compared with a conventional cultural method (CCM) for the detection of salmonellas in 141 samples of artificially and naturally contaminated foods. There was an overall agreement of 92.9% between the methods. The productivity of the VIDAS Salmonella Assay (VSA) was not improved using an alternative enrichment protocol for the detection ofSalmonellain 12 raw meat samples.The sensitivity and specificity of the VSA was assessed using pure cultures of salmonellas and non‐salmonellas. The detection limit was 1.8 times 106salmonellas ml‐1in M‐broth and someCitrobacter freundiistrains gave false‐positive results.Using an immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique and an abbreviated cultural enrichment, the VSA results could be obtained a day earlier than the standard VSA

ISSN:0266-8254    

DOI:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY