摘要:

SummaryHall, A. V.: Classification of evolutionary groups with uneven samplings and patchy extinctions. – Taxon 44: 319‐332. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Classifications made by the powerful human grouping instinct are dilated (swollen out, enlarged) around any groups that are probably incomplete for some reason. For example, evidence may suggest that some taxa of a group may have been poorly sampled by collectors. Some small groups may be important remnants of major fossil taxa or may have undiscovered allies. Dilating classifications around such incomplete groups may raise them to higher, more appropriate ranks. Dilation control is rarely provided in computer programs. The Uniter program lets the user give more dilation around the smaller clusters. It does so more for the later‐linking clusters, based on an assumption that these are more likely to have missing allies. For clusters of various sizes, the user can control their individual prominence or concealment. Methods are compared and discussed with examples. It is concluded that controlled dilation is essential for the high resolving power one expects to find in computer based classifications of evolutionary groups.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223402

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLammers, T. G.: Transfer of the southern African species ofLightfootia, nom. illeg., toWahlenbergia (Campanulaceae, Campanuloideae). – Taxon 44: 333‐339. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.LightfootiaL'Hér., validly published in January 1789, is illegitimate, being antedated byLightfootiaSw. (June‐July 1788), and is furthermore a later synonym ofWahlenbergiaas presently circumscribed. Whereas the tropical African and Madagascan species formerly assigned toLightfootiahave already been named inWahlenbergia, the 39 southern African species currently recognized have not. New combinations or substitute names are published here to rectify this situation. Two names,Campanulasect.CampanopsisR. Br. andLightfootia macrostachysA. DC., are typified.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223403

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBergqvist, G., Bremer, B.&Bremer, K.: Chloroplast DNA variation and the tribal position ofEremothamnus (Asteraceae). – Taxon 44: 341‐350. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The genusEremothamnushas been classified in several tribes, in recent times either in theArctoteaeor in a new tribeEremothamneae; because of its isolated position within the family, it has also been left unclassified as to tribe. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data forEremothamnus, suitable for comparison with similar data provided in the literature for other genera of theAsteraceae, and therbcL gene sequence forEremothamnuswhen compared with those of otherAsteraceae, both indicate thatEremothamnusis related to theArctoteaeand may be classified in that tribe.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223404

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFeist, M.&Wang, Z.: The species concept inClavatoraceae(fossilCharophyta)reviewed. – Taxon 44: 351‐361.1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.In a cladistic analysis, phylogenetic lineages of the Mesozoic charophyte familyClavatoraceaehave recently been interpreted as evolutionary species. However, a reappraisal of thePerimneste‐Atopocharalineage shows the existence of several evolutionary divergences which in our opinion are incompatible with monophyly as postulated under the evolutionary species concept. The revolution of classification brought about by application of that concept causes confusion and error, and the transfer of validly named species to subspecific rank causes instability and detracts from their usefulness as stratigraphic markers. The species that we accept are listed in an overall classification of theClavatoraceae.A new combination,Globator steinhauseri(G. maillardi subsp. steinhauseriMojon) is proposed.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223405

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBoisselier‐Dubayle, M. C., Jubier, M. F., Lejeune, B.&Bischler, H.: Genetic variability in the three subspecies ofMarchantia polymorpha (Hepaticae): isozymes, RFLP and RAPD markers. – Taxon 44: 363‐376. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Three subspecies ofMarchantia polymorphahave been recently characterized by isozyme patterns, ecology and morphological characters. To confirm their taxonomic status and to better understand their relationships and genetic variability, a previous study on enzyme polymorphism was extended to additional colonies and enzymes. A parallel study was done with DNA markers derived from restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Results obtained with these different approaches (protein and DNA level) all support the taxonomic distinctness of the subspecies. Genetic similarity within subspecies was found to be high over wide geographic areas, and low among subspecies. The genetic divergence of the three subspecies may be taken to illustrate a case of speciation with adaptation to different ecological niches, and subsequent reproductive isolation. The hybrid origin ofMarchantia polymorphasubsp.ruderalis, postulated in the past, is not supported by our data.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223406

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryVogt, R.&Oberprieler, C.:Mauranthemum, a new name forLeucoglossumB. H. Wilcox&al. non S. Imai(Compositae, Anthemideae). – Taxon 44: 377‐378. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Mauranthemumis published as an avowed substitute forLeucoglossumB. H. Wilcox&al. 1993, which is an illegitimate later homonym ofLeucoglossumS. Imai 1942. New combinations for four species and one subspecies are proposed.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223407

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryJobes, D. V., Hurley, D. L.&Thien, L. B.: Plant DNA isolation: a method to efficiently remove polyphenolics, polysaccharides, and RNA. – Taxon 44: 379‐386. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The isolation of DNA from plants has been described by numerous authors, each contributing a different method to overcome the problems that arise when extracting DNA. There are at least three main contaminants associated with plant DNA that can cause considerable difficulties when conducting restriction enzyme analyses and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) experiments: polyphenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and RNA. The procedure described below alleviates the time and expense of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and caesium chloride methods by utilizing PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) to bind the polyphenolic compounds, a high molar concentration of sodium chloride to inhibit co‐precipitation of the polysaccharides and DNA, and an improved method for removing RNA by selective precipitation with lithium chloride. Isolated DNA was easily digested with restriction enzymes and amplified by the PCR from widely different plant species.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223408

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223409

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223410

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBranco, L. H. Z., Silva, S. M. F.&Sant' Anna, C. L.: Validation of the nameStichosiphon mangle (Chroococcales, Cyanophyta). –Taxon 44: 393. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The previously but not validly published nameStichosiphon mangleis validated by designation of a type.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1223411

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY