摘要:

SummaryThe volatile oils of the leaves of alpine fir were analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography. In the Pacific Northwest, alpine fir separates into two types, Coastal and Rocky Mountain. They were distinguished by quantitative differences in santene, tricyclene, camphene, β‐pinene, myrcene, β‐phellandrene, borneol, and ∗∗∗bornyl acetate. Coastal populations had red colors in the periderm, whereas the Rocky Mountain populations had only brown colors. A literature search revealed additional differences between these populations which were originally described asAbies lasiocarpa(Hook.) Nutt. andA. bifoliaMurray, respectively, and more recently as onlyA. lasiocarpaor as a single variety ofA. balsamea.However, our evidence suggests that the original designations more accurately describe these two populations, which have hybridized extensively.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1219736

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1979.tb00505.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe method of Character Compatibility, using both morphological and chemical characters, was employed to develop a phylogeny for several closely related diploid species ofChenopodiumoccurring in the western United States. The species includeC. atrovirens, C. desiccatum, C. fremontii, C. hians, C. incanum(including two varieties in addition to the typical one),C. leptophyllum, andC. pratericola.The three similar phylogenies produced by using Character Compatibility were then compared to an hypothesis of phyletic relationships derived intuitively. The intuitive phylogeny in general agrees with those developed by Character Compatibility.Chenopodium fremontiiis regarded as having the greatest number of primitive characters and thus is considered to be least modified from the hypothetical ancestral type. Two lines occur from this hypothetical ancestor, one which includesC. incanumandC. desiccatumand the other which contains the remaining four species. The intuitive phylogeny differs in one significant respect, namely, thatC. desiccatumis viewed as more closely allied toC. pratericolathan toC. incanum.The reason for this is that in the intuitive phylogeny leaf shape is employed as a primary character for producing the two basic phyletic lines. Character Compatibility used a greater number of compatible features for generating the phylogenies (eight as opposed to six in the intuitive phylogeny) but it did not use leaf shape in constructing the trees. It is suggested that several characters placingC. desiccatumandC. incanumtogether in the trees produced by Character Compatibility may be due to parallel evolution, and not the result of a direct phyletic relationship.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1219738

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStarch gel electrophoresis has been employed to produce allozyme profiles of 966 individual plants representing twelve morphologically defined domestic and wild taxa ofCapsicum.A total of 63 alleles representing 23 enzyme loci has been recognized. These alleles were used as characters in numerical taxonomic analyses, by way of cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis, of patterns of variation within and between these taxa. The results demonstrate that in some cases there is good agreement between morphological and allozymic patterns of variation while in other cases there is little such agreement. The major groups of taxa, i.e., the white‐flowered and purple‐flowered groups, are easily discernible but there are problems within these groups. For example,C. pubescensis easily separable fromC. cardenasiiandC. eximiumyet the latter two are indistinguishable. The same pattern is noted, although not so clearly, in theC. baccatum‐C. praetermissumcomplex. Whereas these two taxa can be separated, the two varieties (baccatumandpendulum) ofC. baccatumcannot. Additionally, there is complete overlap among the members of what may be called theC. annuumcomplex, i.e.,C. annuumv.annuum, C. a.v.aviculare, C. chinense, andC. frutescens.Finally, the inclusion of two other wild taxa,C. chacoenseandC. tovari, permits speculation on the systematic relationships between these taxa and the other wild and domestic taxa.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1219739

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1979.tb00508.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAPL programming language is used to edit and print identification keys constructed in serial key format. Printout options include printing the full key or its parts, in either serial or indented form. Limitations of the method are discussed. Function listings and technical details are given in the Appendix.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1219740

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1979.tb00510.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWhen names are given to dispersed fossil pollen and spores from the Tertiary, fundamental questions are raised concerning the relationships to modern forms and the effects on taxonomy of the detachment of plant parts. Through the stimulus of increasing international co‐operation, this article attempts to review the response to these factors by Tertiary palynologists over the last 30 years, and examines the problems involved from basic principles. Arguments are presented to encourage the inclusion of details of the geological age in the description of the fossil taxa, so as to help understand evolutionary and stratigraphic processes. It is also thought to be useful to make taxonomic distinction between fossil and modern forms unless there is scientific evidence available to prove similarity. It is important for full discussion to take place before formal changes are made to the Code, and that any alterations are simple and compatible with previous work.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1219741

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWalter's handwriting, illustrated here, is unrecorded. Though William Bartram must have known Walter, evidently John Fraser, who delivered Walter'sFlorato the printer, did not visit Bartram's home, as did Michaux, and a stream of botanical visitors. Michaux may have visited Walter's plantation.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1219742

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe name of the cellar mould is discussed in the light of Article 59 of the Code. Proposals are made to replace the generic namesLeptodontiumandPhaeococcusbyLeptodontidiumandPhaeococcomyces, respectively.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1219743

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY