1. |
CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX NATURAL PRODUCTS: DEVELOPING TRANSFORMATION SERIES FROM SESQUITERPENE LACTONE DATA |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 1-27
Fred C. Seaman,
V. A. Funk,
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摘要:
SummaryIn the Asteraceae, the two most taxonomically significant aspects of the sesquiterpene lactone chemistry are the patterns of skeletal and substitutional diversity. Sesquiterpene lactones can be subdivided into different classes based on their carbon skeletons. Superimposed on each skeleton is a set of substituents which collectively define a specific compound. Both skeletal classes and substitutional features display taxonomically useful patterns of distribution.A cladistic technique is demonstrated for converting these chemical features into taxonomic characters. Each character is derived via a biosynthetically based evaluation of structural diversity and determination of structural homology. Each set of homologous skeletal and substitutional characters from a taxon is arranged in a biogenetic transformation series. Outgroup comparison is used to determine the polarity of each character transformation series. The distribution of the resulting novel (apomorphic) skeletal and substitutional characters within this taxon are then used to generate a cladogram depicting the chemical synapomorphies. The chemistries of the taxa,TetragonothecaL. andIvaL. (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), provide the two examples for the four‐step cladistic analysis. The methods employed in this analysis of sesquiterpene lactone distribution may also be applicable to other classes of complex natural products.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219846
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
STIEBER, MICHAEL T. HI‐IAPT Portraits of botanists 99. Heinrich Friedrich Link |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 28-29
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ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1983.tb02386.x
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
INFRASPECIFIC TERPENOID VARIATION INJUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM:EVIDENCE FOR PLEISTOCENE REFUGIA AND RECOLONIZATION IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 30-46
Robert P. Adams,
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摘要:
AbstractPopulations ofJuniperus scopulorumwere sampled throughout its range and the steam volatile terpenoids removed for chemosystematic study. Canonical variate analysis revealed three major trends: isolation of the Puget Sound‐Vancouver Island populations for a considerable time; differentiation of populations from northern Mexico dating to pre‐Pleistocene (?); and a possible Pleistocene refugium in eastern Oregon for the (re)colonization of the glaciated British Columbian populations ofJ. scopulorum.Pleistocene glaciopluvial periods are reviewed as to their effects on vegetation and past distributions ofJ. scopulorum.Hybridization and introgression ofJ. scopulorumwithJ. horizontalisandJ. virginianais examined in light of both the present and past distributions of these taxa. Interspecific relationships are also examined betweenJ. scopulorum, J. blancoi, J. horizontalis, andJ. virginiana.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219848
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA HERBARIUM (GA) OPTICAL‐SCAN DATA ENCODING SYSTEM |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 47-50
S. B. Jones,
N. C. Coile,
R. Martin,
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摘要:
SummaryThe development of an optical‐scan data encoding system at the University of Georgia Herbarium is discussed. Procedures have been developed which will allow encoding of the 80‐90 thousand sheets of the flora of Georgia housed at GA. The system is currently in operation. Our philosophy and experiences associated with the use of the optical‐scan system are highlighted. Feedback regarding the system is requested from the systematics community.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219849
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
GENUS COMMUNITIES AS A SYSTEMATIC TOOL IN THE STUDY OF NEW WORLDBOTRYCHIUM(OPHIOGLOSSACEAE) |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 51-63
W. H. Wagner,
Florence S. Wagner,
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摘要:
SummaryProblems in the taxonomy ofBotrychium(Ophioglossaceae) are outlined and discussed. Species interpretation has been controversial because many taxa are little known, poorly collected, highly variable, and subtly differentiated. A method of study based upon the tendency of the species to co‐exist with each other in the same habitats is discussed, and examples from our field work are given. The “Genus Community Method” and the related “Mutual Associates Method” allow critical comparisons to be made. Cohabitation of two or more species without successful interbreeding demonstrates biological discreteness and confirms that the character differences are most likely genetically fixed. A summary of our knowledge of what pairs of species have been found to co‐exist is given for subg.Sceptridiumand subg.Botrychium.For the former, the major associations occur in eastern North America and tropical America north of Panama, including the Antilles. For the latter, the major associations occur in western North America. As many as seven species may grow together in one habitat. We conclude that the genus may not be as difficult taxonomically as previously believed. By discovering and analyzing genus communities ofBotrychium, we can show which taxa are consistently and persistently distinct.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219850
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
ONMNIUM TRICHOMANISLINNAEUS (HEPATOPHYTA) |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 64-75
Raymond Eugene Stotler,
Darrell Keith Crotz,
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摘要:
SummaryThe initial use of the nameMniumin the generic sense contained not only species of mosses but two liverworts as well, namely,M. trichomanisL. andM.fissumL. These hepatic species, now regarded as validly published in accordance with the I.C.B.N., have long been recognized as segregates within the genusCalypogejaRaddi. Although lectotypes had been selected for these two taxa sometime ago, those specimens are at odds with the original protologue of Linnaeus and must be superseded. Further, study of authentic specimens of the taxa in question reveals that neither name has been used in the sense of the original author and they are proposed here as nomina rejicienda under Art. 69. If rejected, a new name would be needed to accommodate those elements previously referred to asCalypogeja fissasensu Raddi et auct. div. which is unequivocally shown to be the equivalent ofM. trichomanisL. AdditionallyC. fissasensu the Linnaean basionym, is shown to be conspecific withC. argutaMont. et Nees which could then replace C.fissaas the earliest legitimate name available.Calypogeja trichomanissensu Müller and modern authors is regarded as a species nova (C. azureaStotl. et Crotz) since it cannot be correlated with any previous legitimate name.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219851
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
THE TYPIFICATION OF LINNAEAN PLANT NAMES: A PROJECT OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 76-78
J. F. M. Cannon,
C. E. Jarvis,
N. K. B. Robson,
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摘要:
SummaryThe Linnean Society of London has undertaken a project on the typification of Linnaean plant names. Grant support from the Science and Engineering Research Council has enabled work to begin on the first phase—a survey of existing data relating to typifications and an assessment of the problems involved in completing the whole task. The end product is envisaged as a comprehensive catalogue of Linnaean plant species, their lectotypes, and appropriate supporting data.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219852
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
DR SMITH'SANEMIA, OR, THE PREVENTION OF LATER HOMONYMS |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 79-87
D. J. Mabberley,
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摘要:
SummaryExamination of the supplementary portion (1818‐1819) of Rees'sCyclopaediaand the seed‐lists and catalogues of European botanic gardens has revealed some 120 unlisted binomials, several making currently accepted names later homonyms so thatAnemia radicansRaddi must be known asA. blechnoidesSm.;A. blechnoidesBrade becomesA. spicantoidesMabb.;Aphelandra deppeanaSchlecht.&Cham. isA. scabra(Vahl) Sm.,Alyssum arenariumLois. isA. loiseleuriiP. Fourn. andSalvia inconspicuaBenth. isS. protractaBenth. There may have to be changes inAcacia, Canna, Justicia, PholiurusandSenecio, while names inAcacia, Acaena, Artemisia, Blechum, Bonapartea, Cassia, Cleome, Coleus, Commelina, Crataegus, Euphorbia, Ipomoea, Lotus, PsoraleaandSteviaremain obscure.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219853
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
THE PUBLICATION AND FORMAT OF MARTIUS'SHISTORIA NATURALIS PALMARUM |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 88-91
Michel Guédès,
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摘要:
SummaryMartius'sHistoria naturalis palmarumis a broadsheet work that appeared in two sister editions or emissions, the one in München with Martius's private imprint and the indication of a Leipzig bookseller, the other with the imprint of another Leipzig bookseller. All ten instalment covers bore the titleGenera et species palmarum, even though the tenth instalment included the title pages with the definitive title. The contents of all instalments are made clear, apparently for the first time, from the complete collection of their covers in theLaboratoire de Phanérogamic Paris.The tenth instalment seems to have been out in 1850.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219854
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
ERNEST LEPAGE AND ARTHEME DUTILLY, THEIR TRAVELS AND HERBARIA |
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TAXON,
Volume 32,
Issue 1,
2019,
Page 92-96
Bernard Boivin,
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摘要:
SummaryBrief biographies of E. Lepage and A. Dutilly, two major botanical explorers in northern Canada and Alaska. Summary of their botanical itineraries. Brief description of their herbaria and their successive locations.
ISSN:0040-0262
DOI:10.2307/1219855
出版商:Wiley
年代:2019
数据来源: WILEY
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