摘要:

SummaryMany North American and Eurasian white pines retain their ability to hybridize even after long isolation, and about half of all white pine hybrids from controlled pollinations are inter‐hemisphere crosses. Within the morphologically homogeneous and otherwise highly crossable core group of white pines, an exception in crossing behavior isPinus lambertianaof western North America. Although it is an archetypal white pine in its winged seeds and long, unarmed cones that open at maturity,P. lambertianahas not been successfully crossed with any other species in the core group. It has been hybridized only withP. armandiiandP. koraiensis, two natives of eastern Asia that do not resembleP. lambertianaor each other in the characteristics used to classify white pines. Both Asian species have seeds without wings, andP. koraiensishas indehiscent cones that retain the seed at maturity. Wingless seeds and seed‐retaining cones may have evolved more than once as adaptations to seed dispersal by birds, and their taxonomic value is questionable. Lack of agreement among the kinds of data that bear on relationships of the white pines emphasizes the need for new approaches to their classification.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221606

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOf the seven pines that compose subsectionOocarpae(Little and Critchfield) in the genusPinus, only the three Californian species form a coherent group, while the other four differ from each other and from the Californian species. Traits of the Californian species (Pinus radiata, P. muricata, P. attenuata) vary in complex geographic patterns, a situation that has led to nomenclatural confusion. Modern studies of genetic varation clarified some relationships among the taxa and uncovered other new problems. The taxonomic history and present status are reviewed and discussed. Monterey pine has been described asPinus californiana, P. adunca, P. Montereyensis, P. monteragensis, P. Sinclairii, P. tuberculata, P. insignis, andP. radiata.Numerous varietal names for the mainland populations were described, then dropped. Current understanding of this species describes pines at Año Nuevo, Monterey, and Cambria asP. radiatavar.radiata, pines on Guadalupe Is. asP. radiatavar.binata, and on Cedros Is. asP. radiatavar.cedrosensis.Complex variation in bishop pine led populations of that species to be calledP. insignis, P. Edgariana, P. murrayana, P. contorta, andP. muricata.Present taxonomy describes central and southern populations asP. muricatavar.muricata, populations north of (and including a few individuals at) Monterey asP. muricatavar.borealis.The status of two cone variants,P. muricatavar.stantoniiandP. remoratais disputed on the basis of relationships among other traits. The latter appears to be a variant of bishop pine. Knobcone pine has been described asP. californica, P. tuberculataandP. attenuata.Only the latter name is currently used.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221607

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221608

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPaper conservation techniques were successfully used to restore severely flood‐damaged herbarium specimens from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. A conservation assessment of the materials used for specimen preservation is made; some were found to be particularly unsuitable where permanence is required. Recommendations are given for improving general herbarium methods of specimen preservation.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221610

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221611

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221612

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221613

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221614

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySyrrhopodon burmensis(Hampe) Reese&Tan is a new combination, based onCalymperes burmenseHampe, forS. robustiusculus(Broth.) Reese&Tan. New synonyms for this species includeC. calcuttenseBartr.&Gangulee,C. saigonensePar.&Broth., andC. svihlaeBartr. This moss is endemic to southern and southeastern Asia.

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221615

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-0262    

DOI:10.2307/1221616

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2019

数据来源: WILEY